A multinational corporation (MNC) is a corporation Essays

A multinational corporation (MNC) is a corporation Essays A multinational corporation (MNC) is a corporation Essay A multinational corporation (MNC) is a corporation Essay Introduction Multinational corporations can be viewed from different positions ( ownership, direction, scheme and structural, etc. ) and have several dimensions. There have been statements in the yesteryear over the importance of each position and theoreticians have shared different positions when it comes to specifying a ‘multinational’ corporation. Franklin Root ( 1994 ) tries to set the statements to rest by giving some lucidity to the definition. Harmonizing to his definition, a transnational corporation ( MNC ) is a parent company that engages in foreign production through its affiliates located in several states, exercisings direct control over the policies of its affiliates and implements concern schemes in production, selling, finance and staffing that transcend national boundaries. ( Howard, 1994 ) In simplistic footings, a MNC is a concern which has production and/or distribution operations in at least two states, via subordinates, keeping companies, joint ventures, licenci ng etc. By and large, because of their munificence, transnational corporations play a powerful function in international dealingss and local economic systems. The survey analyzes one such planetary corporation which plays a major function both in the local economic system and the economic system at the planetary phase. Analysis Indian companies are fast emerging as Global participants with their foreign direct investing and acquisition activities holding gained land in the last twosome of old ages. ( Murray, 2005 ) Tata Group of Companies is one such company which has hit the universe phase large clip with its recent high profile acquisitions and ventures. The Group makes its presence felt today in every continent and over 43 states. The survey examines the growing of Tata Group, its abroad operations, geographic presence and its incursion scheme. Company Profile Tata Group of Companies Tata Group is one of India’s oldest and largest concern pudding stones. The concern spreads across 96 runing companies in seven concern sectors: information systems and communications ; technology ; stuffs ; services ; energy ; consumer merchandises ; and chemicals. It employs some 2,46,000 people and jointly has a stockholder base of over two million and market capitilisation of $ 57.6 billion. ( Web 1 ) It is a genuinely planetary corporation which made concern headlines with its winning command for Corus ( the UK based steel company ) . Some of the Group’s subordinates and its operations are analyzed below. Tata Tea Tata Tea was setup in 1964 as a joint venture with UK-based James Finlay and Company to develop valued-added tea. The group, which includes Tata Tea and the UK-based Tetley Group expands 40 states and is the universe s 2nd largest planetary branded tea operation. ( Web 1 ) The three major location where Tata tea subordinates are based are in India, UK and US. Tata tea entered the UK market with a Joint Venture with Allied Lyons ( proprietors of Tetley ) to make Tata Tea in 1993. ( Web 1 ) Subsequently on, in 2000, Tetley was acquired by Tata tea making one of the largest planetary tea trade names. Tetley, on its ain, sells over 60 branded merchandises and is the taking tea trade name in UK and Canada with important market portions in the United States, Australia, Poland and France. Tetley’s growing scheme focuses on custom-making the portfolio of offerings for each state. While Tetley is headquartered in London, Tata Tetley has an export oriented unit at Kochi in Kerala, India . Tata Tea Inc ( based in Florida, US ) is a subordinate of Tata Tea, established to run into specific demands of wellness witting US consumers. The company has its mill operations in Florida which is used to recycle or intermix instant teas brought from India. Tata tea besides has important presence in plantation activity in Sri Lanka through Watawala Plantations. ( Web 1 ) Tata Tea’s international portfolio of activities is steadily turning its presence in the remainder of Europe, throughout the Caribbean and lesser developed markets such as Bangladesh, Pakistan and Russia where Tetley was launched in 2004. The amalgamate worldwide branded tea concern of the Tata Tea Group contributes to around 86 per cent of its amalgamate turnover. ( Web 1 ) Tata Steel Tata Steel signifiers India s largest incorporate private sector steel company. It was late in the intelligence for its coup detat command for Corus ( the UK based Steel maker ) . Tata Steel successfully won thecoup detatcommand and is now the world’s fifth-biggest steel house. Corus itself was a planetary company formed out of the 1999 amalgamation of British Steel and Dutch group Hoogovens and employed 47000 employees. ( Web 2 ) It had a graduated table of 19 million metric tons and a presence in Europe with a important trade name name. Corus is now an unlisted company and is held by one of Tata Steel s subordinates on a 100-per cent footing. Tata Steel’s other major acquisition before Corus was Singapore’s steel house Natsteel. It acquired Natsteel to give itself a bridgehead in seven states, including Australia. Before thecoup detatof Corus and Natsteel, Tata steel was chiefly a place based company and Corus represents its first enlargement outside of Asia. It does hold has subordinates in Sri Lanka ( ajoint venturewith Lanka Special Steel ) . Tata Steel’s typical advantage lies in the efficiency of its operations and inexpensive altogether stuffs which has earned itself a alone ticket of being the lowest cost steel manufacturers in the universe. Tata Consultancy Services Tata Consultancy Services ( TCS ) is one of the taking information engineering companies in the universe holding over 50 planetary bringing Centres. Its clients include seven of the top 10 corporations in the Fortune 500 list of the largest corporations in the United States, corporations such as IBM, GE etc. ( Web 3 ) Through its consulting services, TSC helps clients to optimise their concern processes to guarantee faster and accurate consequences. It besides provides client such as GE proving integrating and proving solutions. Its outsourcing maps allow companies like IBM to concentrate on their nucleus operations. TCS besides offers cognition based outsourcing for clients like Danone ( France ) through which it spouses to do its IT substructure flexible, scalable, and secure, while maximising public presentation. Tata Motors Tata Motors is India s largest car company which began its fabrication with a 15-yearcoaction understandingwith Daimler Benz of Germany. It is a quickly turning company and like other Tata Group of companies pursues growing through amalgamations, joint ventures and acquisitions. In 2004, itacquiredthe Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company, Korea s second-largest truck shaper, now named Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company. ( Rao, 2003 ) Following Year, Tata Motorsacquired a 21-per cent interestin Hispano Carrocera, a reputed Spanish coach and manager maker, with an option to get the staying interest every bit good. This acquisition has made Tata Motors the universe s fifth-largest medium and heavy commercial vehicle maker. It nowexportsvehicles to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, South and South East Asia and Australia and hasassembly operationsin Malaysia, Bangladesh, Ukraine, Kenya and Russia. Some of its other associates include Tata Cummmins ; a joint venture with US based engine maker Cummins, Telco Construction Equipment Company ; a joint venture with Nipponese based Hitachi Machinery for earthmoving and heavy equipments like Cranes etc. ( Web 3 ) Tata AutoComp Systems ( TACO ) Tata AutoComp System is a genuinely planetary engineering company in the automotive sector offering merchandises and services to vehicle and constituent makers every bit good as end-users of cars. It has built its base through partnerships and joint ventures with planetary constituent and vehicle makers. Its three major countries of concern include fabrication, technology and supply-chain direction. TACO has entered into a joint venture with fabrication companies across the universe which include states like Japan, South Korea, US and Germany. Some of its joint ventures are with Johnson Controls ( US ) , Yazaki Corporation ( Japan ) , CHKK ( Japan ) , Ficosa International ( Spain ) , Nifco Corporation ( Japan ) and Stadco ( UK ) ( Web 1 ) Tata BP Solar Tata BP Solar is ajoint venturebetween Tata Power Company and BP Solar, one of the largest solar companies in the universe. It uses state-of-the-art engineering to offer high-quality, advanced solar solutions that cater to the demands of single clients, big establishments every bit good as full communities. ( Source ) Tata BP solar can besides be termed transnational because it exports its merchandises and systems to a host of states and more than half ( 60 % ) of its gross revenues come from exports with more than 95 per cent of the exports traveling to Europe and America. Tata Group’s other large acquisitions list includes the acquisition of South Korean Automaker Daewoo. Daewoo’s domestic market portion has risen from 26 per cent to 33 per cent after the coup detat. ( Newing, 2005 ) Ratan Tata, the president of Tata Group is a steadfast truster in spread outing globally through acquisitions and joint ventures. He advises other Indian companies to turn organically and through amalgamations and acquisitions because he feels that a broader base equips a house against economic downswings. In line with his thought, the Tata Group’s planetary amalgamations hasn’t stopped. It sees the hotel section as the following large chance for growing and is actively seeking to turn its Tata Hotel Group by amalgamations, acquisitions and joint ventures with major hotel groups. Features of a good transnational company Company’s internationalisation and abroad enlargement affect all facets of the concern. For a MNC to be successful, the first measure is to take the right manner of incursion ( Acquisition, Stakeholder, Joint Venture, Licensing etc ) . How a company enters into understanding with the other company is a strategic determination which can take to a successful relationship. Eg. come ining a Chinese market can be really different to the US because Chinese companies and the authorities has greater control over distribution channels which can act upon the incursion scheme. Government ordinances, once more, can play a large portion in taking the best incursion scheme. Eg. Companies can merely keep up to 5-10 % interest in an Indian retail sector harmonizing to authorities ordinances. But, taking the right incursion scheme is merely the first measure and does non vouch success. Other facets such as concern scheme, Research and Development, production, procurance, gross revenues A ; se lling, trade name A ; rational belongings, direction, human resources, financing As ; accounting, IT direction hold to be considered. Companies could besides be required to alter their organisation construction and the manner work is carried out. Eg. A US based company come ining into a joint venture with a Nipponese house may hold to flatten its organisational construction harmonizing to Nipponese demands. Cultural and societal factors besides come into image, particularly, if the amalgamation is between two companies coming from different parts. Eg. Japan and US. All these facets of the concern has to be clearly understood before make up ones minding on a scheme. Decisions Tata Group of companies has been successful because of its model of communicating and value systems which cater to the demands of different demographic groups around the universe. Its experience in diverse sectors has armed it with the ability to visualise the merchandise from the end-users point of view which is critical to any MNC’s success. ( Skapinker, 2005 ) The Group and its transnational subordinates has helped further the development of domestic intermediate good bring forthing houses and has had a positive impact on the development of domestic fabrication houses and later on the Indian economic system. Through its Tata Consultancy, Tata Motors and now Tata Steel trade name, it has shown the manner to other Indian companies who have ever shied away from amalgamations and acquisitions. Taking a cue from Tata Group, other Indian companies have began spread outing their concern overseas. Tata Group have besides contributed to bettering the fabricating state of affairs in India and across the universe through good fabrication patterns. Another ground for its success is its control of abroad subordinates which is much stronger than that of Western companies. The group as a whole is cohesive and integrated which allows it to meet on ends. Ratan Tata ( 2006 ) sums up his Group’s success by saying that the group had allowed the companies that were taken over to retain the face, touch and experience of a local company while still pull offing to incorporate merchandise programs and schemes. Mentions Most of the company specific information was taken from Tata Group’s web site and Company Reports Books and Diaries Howard V. Perlmutter ( 1994 ) , The Tortuous Evolution of the Multinational Corporation, Columbia Journal of World Business, pp. 9-18. Lacity, M.C. , Willcocks, ( 1995 ) L.P. A ; Feeny, D.F. , ‘IT Outsourcing: Maximize Flexibility and Control, ’Harvard Business Review, May-June, pp.84-93 Murray, S ( 2005 ) ‘Managing Relationships’Financial Times, London, 2 June, p.29 Newing, R ( 2005 ) ‘Tactical out Tasking for operational benefits’Financial Times, 1 June, p.4 Prahalad, C.V. A ; Hamel, G. , ( 1990 ) ‘The Core Competence of the Corporation, ’Harvard Business Review, May-June, 79-91 Rao, H. R. , Nam, K. A ; Chaudhury, A. , ( 2003 ) ‘Information Systems Outsourcing, ’Communicationss of the ACM, Vol.39, No.7, pp.27, 28 Skapinker, M ( 2005 ) ‘Changing industry enters fresh era’Financial Times, London, 2 June, p.28 Web sites Web 1:Tata Group( online ) ( cited on 14 March 2007 ) Available from lt ; URL: //www.tata.com/ gt ; Web 2:Tata Corus But Who’s following( online ) ( cited on 14 March 2007 ) Available from lt ; URL: //http: //www.fool.co.uk/news/investing/company-comment/2006/10/19/tata-corusbut-whos-next.aspx gt ; Web 3:Tata Corus( online ) ( cited on 15 March 2007 ) Available from lt ; URL: // hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ft.com/cms/s/887968fa-54d7-11db-901f-0000779e2340.html

The History of Hypodermic Needles and Syringes

The History of Hypodermic Needles and Syringes Various forms of intravenous injection and infusion have been around as far back  as the late 1600s. However, it wasnt until 1853 that  Charles Gabriel Pravaz and Alexander Wood developed  a needle fine enough to pierce the skin.  The syringe  was the first device used to inject morphine as a painkiller.  The breakthrough also  eliminated  many of the technical difficulties facing those experimenting with blood transfusion. Credit for the evolution of the universally useful hypodermic syringe with its hollow, pointed needle is usually given to Dr. Wood. He came up with the invention after experimenting with a hollow needle for the administration of drugs and found that  the method was not necessarily limited to the administration of opiates. Eventually, he felt confident enough to publish a short paper in The Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Review titled  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A New Method of Treating Neuralgia by the Direct Application of Opiates to the Painful Points.† At about the same time, Charles Gabriel Pravaz, of Lyon, was making a similar syringe that quickly came into use during surgeries under the name of the â€Å"Pravaz Syringe.† A Brief Timeline of Disposable Syringes Arthur E. Smith  received eight U.S. patents for disposable  syringes in 1949 and 1950.In 1954, Becton, Dickinson and Company  created the first mass-produced disposable syringe and needle produced in glass. It was developed for Dr. Jonas Salks mass administration of the new Salk polio vaccine for  one million American children.Roehr Products  introduced a plastic  disposable hypodermic syringe called the  Monoject in 1955.Colin Murdoch, a pharmacist from Timaru, New Zealand, patented a  plastic disposable syringe  to replace the glass syringe in 1956. Murdoch patented a total of 46 inventions,  including a silent burglar alarm, automatic syringes for vaccinating animals, the childproof bottle top and the tranquilizer gun.  In 1961, Becton Dickinson introduced its first plastic disposable syringe, the Plastipak.African American inventor  Phil Brooks  received a U.S. patent for a disposable syringe on April 9, 1974. Syringes for Vaccinations   Benjamin A. Rubin is credited for inventing the pronged vaccinating and testing needle or  vaccination needle. This was a refinement to the conventional syringe needle. Dr. Edward Jenner performed the first vaccination. The  English physician began to develop vaccines by studying the link between smallpox and cowpox, a milder disease.  He injected one boy with cowpox and found that the boy became immune to smallpox. Jenner published his findings in 1798. Within three years, as many as 100,000 people in Britain had been vaccinated against smallpox.   Alternatives to Syringes   The microneedle is a painless alternative to the needle and syringe. A  chemical engineering professor from the Georgia Institute of Technology named Mark Prausnitz  teamed up with electrical engineer Mark Allen to develop the prototype microneedle device. It is made up of 400 silicon-based microscopic needles - each the width of a human hair - and looks something like the nicotine patch used to help people quit smoking. Its tiny, hollow needles are so small that any medication can be delivered through the skin without reaching the nerve cells that create pain. Microelectronics within the device control the time and dosage of the medicine delivered. Another delivery device is the Hypospray. Developed by PowderJect Pharmaceuticals in Fremont, California, the  technology uses pressurized helium to spray dry powdered medications on the skin for absorption.

General Administrative Theories are they relevant to managing Modern Essay

General Administrative Theories are they relevant to managing Modern Global Organisations - Essay Example This essay stresses that Human Resource Management or HRM is one of the key methods by which managers keep hold of the actions of the people beneath them. This is also a way by which managers are able to control, at least in part, the behavior of the people to remain parallel to the interests of the firm. Nowadays, business managers are beginning to recognise the need to consider the weight and importance of human resource (HR) function in determining the growth or downfall of any venture. This paper makes a conclusion that modern global organisations need to leverage on all facets of financials, customer, best business practice and human resources, if it shall be sustainable for the long haul. More importantly, it should be able to dedicate attention to its most important resource: its people. This paper has presented the ways in which administrative theories may be expanded to encompass not only the end goals of productivity and profit, but also of people development. It points out that the human resource function may also be used as a control measure, focusing on all facets of attracting the right talent through careful staffing and training practices, setting apt performance goals, and similar people development initiatives. If people are adequately developed, they shall be able to contribute more to the enterprise and carry out initiatives that are directly aligned to corporate strategies. This will ultimately spell success for the global enterprise.

Foreign Aid and Dictatorship Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Foreign Aid and Dictatorship - Research Paper Example Foreign aid also has a positive impact on the democracy of a country, which is one of the economic development pillars in developing countries. Countries experiencing high levels of injustices and poverty are often the recipients of aid, which is directed at saving the lives of those individuals, as well as improving the economy of that country. Public development projects like health centres, schools, and roads in some developing countries, depend entirely on foreign aid, whether in form of grants or loans. The grants and loans form a basic part of some country’s budget allocation, which signifies their economic importance. Accordingly, foreign aid helps recipient countries to improve their living of standards, but on a short-term basis. Besides directly benefiting the government of recipient countries, foreign aid also benefits the private sector and the families in those nations. Families and the private sector access aid through foreign direct investment and remittances (L ahiri 2007: 223). This kind of flow of aid resources may adversely affect the economy positively. Nonetheless, there is clear evidence of a cause-effect relationship between aid and development (economic and otherwise). There has been criticism revolving the issues of aid to developing countries, especially to African countries. Economists argue that inflow of aid affects a government’s consumption instead of investment (Sogge 2002:11). This is common in cases where a government has access to unconstrained aid funds, resulting to increase in government consumption that has a negative effect on the economy of that country. Considering the fact that foreign aid constitutes a major portion of developing countries’ revenues, there is a possibility of a â€Å"windfall† which may generate rent-seeking activities, corruption, and even civil wars. A prime example is World Bank’s Chad-Cameroon Oil Pipeline aid, estimated at 180 million USD. To avoid corruption, Wo rld Bank gave directives to Chad that the funds should be kept in offshore accounts, and that the purposes of the aid funds were strictly for infrastructure, health, and education (Lancaster 2007:27). Problems began after the government started receiving oil revenues in 2004, with the first bonus received from oil companies, 4.5 million USD, purchasing weapons for the Chad government. In total, close to 12 million USD was directed towards purchase of weapons, leading to suspension of the aid by the World Bank. Another case is Somalia. Experts state that the civil war in the country was a result of different factions’ desire to control the huge food aid to the country (Williamson, 2009). Recent studies highlight several mechanisms that explain why windfalls of resources in recipient countries lead to a decline in their economic growth. All the mechanisms indicate that individuals engage in rent-seeking activities in efforts to appropriate portions of the resources, which lead to a decline in the economic growth (Bealinger 2006: 63). The theories also incorporate the idea of commons, which describes the effects of the aggregate capital stock common access that foreign aid induces. In summary, foreign aid has a voracity effect: which states that if powerful groups exist in an inter-temporal

Products of Native American Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Products of Native American Culture - Essay Example The text which is used as a product of Native American culture is one which shows a different identity that belongs to America and which once was the main association with the United States, as opposed to the changes which occurred after the land was conquered by the American government. Text as a Product of Native American Culture The text that is a part of culture and history is first defined as a product of Native American culture. The different types of text are able to describe the culture, history, family and the lifestyle that was a part of a given time frame. This traced the history of the Native Americans back into the ancient ways of living while showing how the dominant culture in America was lost through the war. The defining of these elements make the text as a main product of Native American culture, specifically because it is able to define and describe different parts of the culture as well as provide examples that have caused the religious, ceremonial, cultural and h istorical aspects to be engrained with those who are a part of the Native American tradition. When reading the text, there is the ability to understand the entire society. The intertwining of traditions, ranging from the societal hierarchy to the concepts of religion are in each of the text, making it all a significant basis to understanding the history, beliefs and lifestyles of Native Americans. An example of the text as a part of Native American culture is defined with â€Å"Black Elk Speaks.† This particular text is important in defining the ceremonies and cultures of the Sioux while combining this with the historical events taking place when America began to attack the Native Americans. Descriptions such as The Dog Vision, Heyoka Ceremony and the Powers of the Bison and Elk are able to describe elements of the culture and how this related to the changes in America from the past of Native Americans. â€Å"Under the tree that never bloomed I stood and cried because it had withered away. With tears on my face I asked the Great Spirit to give it life and leaves and singing birds, as in my vision† (Neihardt, 193). This is one of several examples that show the intertwining of cultures in the text. The product comes from the connection to nature, prayers that are a part of the practice of Native Americans, and as read through the â€Å"Great Spirit† and which associates with the context of the time. The particular culture is also defined as the narrator is describing the attacks of the Native Americans and how the family is lost because of the American attacks, showing how the culture known is lost because of the historical events taking place at the time. Another representation which shows the text as the Native American culture is through â€Å"Ceremony† by Leslie Silko. Similar to â€Å"Black Elk Speaks,† this book is able to combine the elements of the Native American culture with religion, ceremony and the beliefs that are upheld through generations. However, there is also an understanding of how this has changed because of the divisions which occurred in America over time. â€Å"An old sensitivity had descended in her, surviving thousands of years from the oldest times, when the people shared a single clan name and they told each other who they were†¦

The King And The Clown | Analysis

The King And The Clown | Analysis The movie King and the Clown has touched a subject that is considered as a proscribed and outlawed by the Korean society and yet it has struck a chord with the Korean people.The movieKing and the Clown, has some the most marvelous and enthralling performances by the actors. The movie has a controversial theme of homosexuality which has the potential to upset the emotions and mindsets of many of the conservative Koreans, but each element of the movie is so convincing and perfectly played that the causal idea never seems to look vulgar. It has managed to keep the balance in between too shocking or being overly-exaggerated. There are a lot of mixed emotions in the movie which are tied to the characters itself. There is love, hatred, jealousy, trust, anger, surprise remorse, aggressiveness. As the movie goes on, the viewer tends to experience all these feelings, and sometimes even imagine himself in the place of the characters. The ability to connect with the audiences despite being set up on such a controversial topic is what sets the movie apart. Background The movie The King and the Clown has its background set in the Joseon Dynasty. This resembles many of the generic Korean dramas we haves seen in many movies, but the plot here is quite original and well scripted. The story of the movie takes in its center, a band of impecunious and hard-up traveling entertainers. Movies two main characters are Jang-Saeng and Gong-il. They are both lovers. Both of them being of the same sex is quite shocking to many Koreans and also is quite new to be seen in the Korean movies. But the catch here is that Gong-il whose role is being played by actor Lee Jun-ki, has very feminine feature and one could at a thought think of him as a girl; and at some moment one almost want to believe that the actor is a girl. Both of the actors have shared a very strong bond throughout the movie. Some of the scenes of the movie has clearly shown the great chemistry shared by both. It seems that they really look out for one another. In the starting, both of them decide to go to Hanyang (now Seoul), in order to expand their talents and present themselves to a lot more people and make their show bigger and better. It is there that they find many other similarly and hugely talented minstrels and then join their act. Now to do something new and to gain fame and money, ang-Seang, who is the chief of the troupe, they decide to mock the king and his favorite Nok-Su as this would attract a lot of people to their act. Now as their fame spread, one of the kings official get winds of their act and get them arrested for treason against the state. The official then puts a condition in front of them that they have to perform in front of the king and if he likes their show, their life would be spared. This was in fact a plan of the official to let the king know about the injustice and corruption spread in his territory through the mocking. The Kings court Now the role of the King is played by actor Jung Jin-Young who portrays the tyrannical king brilliantly. It is said that the kings character in the movie is based on a real-life king. The king has also got problems of his own and was psychologically disfigured because his mother was forced to commit suicide by the kings of that time and this made him repulsive towards the people and the society. As he grew up, he started showing the signs of unstable caprices of a child who was hurt, wounded and spoiled by that incident. But as the clowns performed, instead of feeling insulted and shameful, the King became very amused with the acts and decided to keep the troupe as court jesters in the kings grand palace. This is truly magnificent as it shows sides of the king which make us believe as the king was a born actor as by chance got his royal bloodline. This could also be interpreted as the kings real or hidden dream. As time passed on the King becomes more and more captivated with Gong-il s bent and sexless beauty. This on the other hand made Jang-Saeng, Nok-su and the ministers feel jealous of Gong-il. The relationship between the two clown Kam Woo-Seong has portrayed the role of the unconditional hero as the masculine clown, Jang-Saeng. Lee Jun-ki has totally and justly become a superstar due to his portrayal of Gong-il who is sensitive and loving, the feminine clown. This has really made us to think that is Lee, Jun-ki gay in real life? This is because of his marvelous performance in the movie. There is so much boldness required to play a character like the one our hero has played. The relationship between the clowns is quite extraordinary. There is a rebellious nature to this dynamics. There is an emotional conflict and a mixture of feelings between the two clowns in the movie Jang-sang and Gong-gil. But this conflict is implied rather than made explicit. This forms an intrinsic element of the movie and has a lot of emotional charge within it. The friendship of Jang-sang and Gong-gil sometimes appear to be platonic; Both of them understand and care about one other and the affinity and the connection between them defines and to an extent, affet their actions and decisions later. But that same affinity also has its down-side. There is frustration, fixation and passion; Jang-sang sulks and hates it when Gong-gil is in the Kings company and prefer it rather than his, and Gong-gil is gloomy and downhearted when Jang-sang isnt around. Their emotional connection is intensified by the script itself and also the viewers interest in their friendship with a lot of intensity attached. Directors views The director Lee Jun Ik has already said that the main point of the story was not to raise the issue of homosexuality but the focus was mainly on the life and the worlds of the travelling clowns. It wanted to show and also facts say that it was very common for the traveling clowns to engage in same-sex relationships in those days. The people were quite poor and it was impossible for them to get a wife in this financial situation. Secondly, there were only men who were traveling in groups together and it was very possible for them to make a bond that was very tight and intimate Conclusion The movie King and the Clown is likely to be said a chronological drama wherein there was lot of emotions attached to it. Also it touched on an issue that is controversial yet is seen vary widely in todays society. Also to say that it had a original plot and highly brilliant actors. The movie very gracefully and tactfully breached one of the subjects that is always been considered taboo. Also the movie has demonstrated how art imitates life. The clown sexuality is completely and willingly accepted in the movie. So one can say that this movie may prove to be a milestone for gay rights and teaches about arts association with life.

What Drives History? :: European Europe History

What Drives History? "History is the Essence of Innumerable Biographies" -Thomas Carlyle What drives history? Before we answer this question, we must go deeper and answer a more important question: What is history? History is, simply, all of the events, ideas, people, and occurrences that have existed in the past. These things have been driven by one common factor: individuals. Although individuals driving history may seem like a rather simple answer, it is the only one that provides no flaws. One such individual who has driven history is Martin Luther. Luther, a German monk, was an inspirational figure who struggled to encourage people to think more for themselves. Martin Luther had an unconventional way of viewing the Church at the time. Luther believed that it was wrong for the Church to sell indulgences or "forgiveness from god." Martin Luther thought that salvation could only be achieved through performing good deeds. During Luther's protesting, he created the "95 Theses," which were a list of arguments and problems against the Catholic Church. Martin Luther was a very strong leader, and through his teachings, many people began to follow him and share their beliefs. Eventually, this lead to the Reformation of the Roman Catholic Church, and caused a sect to break off, known as the Protestants. This drastic change lead to an immense conflict between both groups which eventually caused the ostracism of the Protestant sect to the Americas. This relocation created many tho ughts that influenced the rest of the world. Martin Luther's ideas and teachings not only drove history in the past, but they continue to drive the present day. Another important individual who drove history was the Italian astronomer and scientist Galileo Galilei. Galileo discovered something so important that it changed the selfish perspective that humans were the center of the universe and led to the growth of human knowledge. Utilizing mathematics and a telescope he had developed, Galileo observed that the planets revolved around the sun and not the Earth. This was a significant discovery because not only did it contradict what the church had taught, it also showed that the universe was not what it seemed. With this truth uncovered, many people began to fascinate over the universe. This triggered people to begin studying space extensively and eventually lead to present day space exploration. Galileo also left a lasting impression upon many great minds, such as Sir Isaac Newton, who used Galileo's research and theories to further his own studies such as the physical laws, and their properties.

Knowledge Management Practice at Mindtree

KM Practice at Mindtree Mindtree visit: 10th September 2007 Presentation by Raj Datta Mindtree he said believes in a holistic KM Approach. It is important to cover the entire life cycle of knowledge when we think of any Knowledge management initiative in an organization. And to do so we need to recognize the spiral nature of the knowledge and the interdependencies. The 2 types of KM approaches are Control:the organization monitors the KM database and the quality of content generated.Community:The communities of knowledge automatically filter out junk using peer reviews which is a more transparent process. Mindtree approach to build a KM solution †¢ He said that people are naturally motivated to share. †¢ KM is an emergent phenomenon †¢ Knowledge is not produced like manufacture goods †¢ If control is softer there will be more self organization and collaboration †¢ Environment and culture play in important role in KM †¢ A high focus on the needs of the Kn owledge worker is essential †¢ Change is enabled, not forced.KM goal at Mindtree : To establish systems , Process and Culture that helps to continuously build their intellectual capital. Intellectual capital can be found in 3 forms †¢ Knowledge of the people/individuals of the organization. †¢ Knowledge contained in the organizational structures, processes, social networks. †¢ Knowledge contained in the interfaces between the organization and its clients. KM is socio technical in nature. A good and effective KM practice can influence the organization in the following ways | | | |Better Quality | | | |Higher productivity | | | |Innovative Solutions |And therefore |Higher Customer Satisfaction | |Faster response time |———–> |Higher Employee Satisfaction | |Increased Speed of delivery |lead to | | |Shorter learning curves | | | Knowledge lifecycle The cycle given below is called GALIS. The Get and Share parts of the cycle are enabled usin g a centralized repository. Certain types of Knowledge can be imparted by Training. But certain other types of knowledge are emergent. Knowledge that cannot be shared by training needs to be shared and communicated using other means such as †¢ Storytelling †¢ Roleplay †¢ Simulation †¢ Games Stories are the way in which the core values of the company are passed on to the associates.This helps associates understand the levels of integrity, right behavior etc expected from them. The KM journey of Mindtree involves various of SocioTechnical solutions. They are illustrated below Osmosis:It the annual technical fest conducted my Mindtree in which Mindtree minds share their technical project knowledge and demo products/projects to the rest of the company. Communities:Groups of people with common interests who get together and discuss issues pertaining to their areas of interest and thereby enable knowledge sharing. These groups have their own website supported by KM gro up and make their own membership rules. They moderate themselves and are not controlled by any external agent. Examples: OOAD, Japanese, Innovation etcKnowledgeNet, Project Space, Connected Minds and Open Mind are all portals, some which facilitate information exchange and discussions within the organization and some with the clients. KnowledgeSafari,Unconference etc are other techniques used by Mindtree in their KM practice. Knowledge Driven project management is practiced in Mindtree. Neuron:This is a portal that manages the ideas generated by the Mindtree minds. It is the tool for Idea and Innovation management. The tools and techniques used by Mindtree for creative and systematic innovation are †¢ Six thinking hats †¢ TRIZ †¢ Mindmapping Ideas go through the stages of †¢ Feasible †¢ Viable †¢ Develop †¢ DeployOn the portal the idea submissions have the following fields Idea: Submitted by: Primary category: Primary Nurturer: State:feasible/viabl e/etc IP Potential: Any comment on any idea should always be accompanied by comments from all the thinking hat perspectives i. e a black hat comment has to be substantiated with comments from all the other colored hat perspectives. This way the initial biases towards any idea are removed and subjectivity in decisions is reduced. The rewards and recognition for practicing KM in the organization are given in the following forms †¢ Community Champion award †¢ Innovation award †¢ Top 10 submitters award †¢ Patenting Award †¢ Community of the quarter award.Over the course of time it has been observed that the incidence of awards are coming down and knowledge sharing is happening with lesser external incentives. Conclusion The following are the important points to be noted from this study †¢ The culture of the organization impacts the KM practice †¢ Communities of practice is an effective way of knowledge sharing . †¢ It is important to note the pow er of IT in KM †¢ The socio-technical nature if KM has to be considered seriously for any KM practice. ———————– INNOVATE APPLY LEARN GET SHARE INNOVATE Neuron COLLABORATE ConnectedMinds+OpenMind+ProjectSpace SHARE KnowledgeNet OSMOSIS Annual Tech Fest COMMUNITIES

Research Paper on Necrophilia Essay Example

Research Paper on Necrophilia Essay Example Research Paper on Necrophilia Paper Research Paper on Necrophilia Paper Humans are sexual beings. The procreation process is quite pleasurable and therefore the process is widespread and has many different variations tailored to people’s desires. Different people have different preferences. This paper focuses on a taboo that has been around for centuries and is still considered grotesque and detestable now as it was long ago. Necrophilia is a sexual attraction to corpses (Necrophilia). The prefix necro is Greek, meaning â€Å"death†, and philia is Greek for â€Å"love†. I choose this topic because of the interesting debate in class about Faulkers short story, â€Å" A Rose for Miss Emily†, that insinuated that she was a necrophilic. ?Necrophilia isn’t a new phenomenon. It has been going on since ancient times, with humans and even in the animal kingdom. Important Egyptian men kept their wives 7 days after death in attempt to prevent the embalmers from sexually defiling their corpses. Guards would guard tombs to protect corpses from grave robbers who would either rob the corpses or perform sexual acts with it. (Robinson 778). Legend has it that king Herod of Judea had sex with wife for 7 years after she died ( insert citiation). Many species of birds such as the mallard duck, jay bird and swallow who were observed engaging in necrophilia with the mallard duck having a homosexual necrophilic relations. ( insert citation) ? There are three different types of necrophilia. The pseudo, regular and homicidal necrophile, vary in degrees but all involve sexual arousal and gratification from a dead body. The pseudo-necrophile only fantasizes about corpses. They can role-play with a live woman who is told to be completely still and even powdered up. These lesser scale versions of necrophiles also get gratified by just viewing a dead body(insert cition). ?Another type of necrophilia is called regular necrophilia where the only way gratification is received is through actual intercourse with a dead body. Since the way to sexual pleasure is through dead bodies, these people find jobs or careers that place them around the dead. Necrophiles most common access to the dead is through their jobs. These occupations are ambulance driver, morticians, and cemetery employees. ( insert cite) ? The last type and more horrific type of necrophile are called a necro-sadistic offender which is a homicidal necrophile. These necrophiles are felons not because of their sexual acts, but because they obtain their corpses by actually killing people unlike the regular necrophiles who obtain them through their jobs. Some of these necrophiles engage in mutilation the body. The mutilation also stimulates and satisfies the offender sexually. Experts claim this type of necrophilic activity is the rarest. ( cite source) One would think that for someone to actually kill someone, just to carry out a sexual fantasy, would mean that they are mentally deranged. ?Some necrophiles have been diagnosed with personality disorder but surprisingly a high percentage of them have above average intelligence and normal personalities. According to ______ , â€Å"Necrophiles have been identified as insensitive to others, possessing a deep hatred for women, and experience an overwhelming fear of rejection. In the latter instance, the perpetrator compensates for feelings of inadequacy inasmuch as the actual sexual activity with a corpse provides the necrophile with sense of having the victim in complete submission to his authority and will. Rejection does not happen, failure does not occur, and humiliation is impossible.

Business Systems essays

Business Systems essays The new system that we are designing for Anders Bookstore is going to allow for employees at Anders to access a number of different forms of data in order to improve business. We are going to design the new system so that anyone can use it. Cashiers will be able to scan books at the registers and the system will automatically update inventory. They will also have access to computer information with the new interface that the cash register could not provide, which is useful in those times that they would have to call for a price check slowing down check out times. Suppliers will be able to log on to the server to see what inventory at Anders is looking like. Robert, who is the assistant book manager at Anders will be able to log on to purchase books from the supplier, check inventory levels, and produce reports. Lower level book employees will be grateful that they no longer have to do book counts. Ronnie will be able to manage his business more effectively by keeping a closer eye on inventory with less of a workforce required to do the job. This system will enable the staff of Anders to know exactly what is on hand so they can eliminate the need to conduct a hand count. Customers will notice the most improvement when more of the books they are looking for are in stock when they need them to be thanks to the speedier and more accurate process of ordering. There will be an overall improvement in the smoothness of day to day operation. ...

New Media Audiences and Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

New Media Audiences and Technologies - Essay Example This part deals with some of the initial findings regarding new media and audiences as well as the challenges experienced. There are many studies done in relation to future relationships of audiences and the new media since they shift focus depending with the availability of new media. Because of this, the report aims to establish future trend and the challenges the audience will experience with the developments of new media. Therefore, the focus will be on the available literature in finding consistency of their study in relation to the area of study.In attempts to understand the evolution of new media and audiences, Napoli (2008) proposed evolution audience model that referred to the notion of the dominant framework used by the media stakeholders in conceptualizing audience evolution in response to changes in the environment. The environmental changes related to diversity in technology transformed the audience consumption and gathering information from different dimensions. The new technological changes in the media interact with one another as the developed new media affects the consumption and provides new means of gathering information. The study revealed causal relationships between the traditional declining exposure metrics and the emergence of a new audience behavior. From his study, it is clear that the entrance of new media technologies affects the audience consumption as it creates an environment for exploitation. Because of this, developments of new media affect the audiences’ ability to capture information.

The real meaning and its impact of characters' symbols in the Great Research Paper

The real meaning and its impact of characters' symbols in the Great Gatsby - Research Paper Example e same time reflects upon the deviation from the American dream in the context of the individual desires of individuals that run counter parallel and counterproductive to the actual goals that may be set forth in life to be achieved (Tyson, 40). A personal way of life, inspired by the social outfit, stands in conflict with the American dream as well as the moral and social values of a respectable society. Gatsby originally had a humble background to his record and he overtook the rich life style to cover it up. While the American Dream was based on values, moral up gradation and standardized living along with the social development, the movie depicts characters that have seen deviation from the core value of the American dream. Money has become the center stone of the attraction and desire of the people. The 20s decade saw progress however at the cost of the moral values (Hobby, 67). The overall script is prepared against a backdrop of a society and environment that was driven by the scientific developments and progress all over. In the wake of such developments, the people’s orientation and desire for acquiring more wealth, parties, expensive life styles, origination of the new music genres, different brands coming forth in the field of clothes and in the domain of car manufacturing industries were few of the progressive elements that were part of the American society at that time. This development in turn led to the people’s desire for collecting money and rising in social status and earning the recognition. Happiness has been always attributed to the accomplishment of the goals in the American Dream. However the American dream set forth the pattern and elements that would allow accomplishment of such goals. In the light of such a nationalistic ideology, there is little space or margin for negative activities and functions which may corrode an individual’s character or ambitions. The 20s decade of the last century was characterized by a totally