Fast Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fast Food - Essay Example More significantly, many American public health experts and policymakers have latched onto these rather narrow cross-sectional and time-series correlations in order to promote policies to discourage eating out at fast food restaurants, to demand that fast food restaurants alter or eliminate food inputs such as trans fats in New York City, and have even demanded special zoning regulations to protect vulnerable populations from the fast food predators. In order to determine the validity of the ostensibly well-established causal relationship, and by implication the theoretical legitimacy of the laws and regulations subsequently advocated and implemented, the authors tested the well-established correlation by reversing the research question; more specifically, the new question became whether "more restaurants cause obesity, or do preferences for greater food consumption lead to an increase in restaurant density" (Anderson & Mata, 2007: 1). In short, is the core source of obesity caused b y predatory fast food businesses or, rather, by individual or demographic preferences The authors created a research model that manipulated the costs of eating at a fast food outlet (through an availability model where different costs were associated with travel distances) and then examined the effect on the body mass of an American consumer. In this way, the research design sought an alternative explanation for obesity, that individual preferences attracted fast food outlets rather than fast food outlets preying on irrational consumers, and the findings tended rather strongly to confirm the authors' skepticism regarding conventional wisdom. The data obtained suggested that "the causal link between the availability of... As a preliminary matter, the authors conceded that â€Å"Well-established cross-sectional and time-series correlations between average body weight and eating out have convinced many researchers and policymakers that restaurants are a leading cause of obesity in the United States† (Anderson & Mata, 2007: 1). This simplistic analysis thus holds that the more an American eats out at fast food restaurants the more obese an American tends to become. More significantly, many American public health experts and policymakers have latched onto these rather narrow cross-sectional and time-series correlations in order to promote policies to discourage eating out at fast food restaurants, to demand that fast food restaurants alter or eliminate food inputs such as trans fats in New York City, and have even demanded special zoning regulations to protect vulnerable populations from the fast food predators. In order to determine the validity of the ostensibly well-established causal relationsh ip, and by implication the theoretical legitimacy of the laws and regulations subsequently advocated and implemented, the authors tested the well-established correlation by reversing the research question; more specifically, the new question became whether â€Å"more restaurants cause obesity, or do preferences for greater food consumption lead to an increase in restaurant density?† (Anderson & Mata, 2007: 1). In short, is the core source of obesity caused by predatory fast food businesses or, rather, by individual or demographic preferences? The authors created a research model that manipulated the costs of eating at a fast food outlet (through an availability model where different costs were associated with travel distances) and then examined the effect on the body mass of an American consumer. In this way, the research design sought an alternative explanation for obesity, that individual preferences attracted fast food outlets rather than fast food outlets preying on irrat ional consumers, and the findings tended rather strongly to confirm the authors’ skepticism regarding conventional wisdom. The data obtained suggested that â€Å"the causal link between the availability of restaurant foods and obesity is minimal at best. Manipulating the distance to the nearest restaurant using Interstate Highway proximity as an instrument demonstrates that restaurants have no significant effect on BMI or overweight status† (Anderson & Matsa, 2007: 24).

Optical Code Division Multiple Access Essay Example for Free

Optical Code Division Multiple Access Essay Question: write about Optical Code Division Multiple Access. Introduction and overview, historical background, explanation of the technique, comparison between FDMA, TDMA and OCDMA, explain more on OCDMA, how does it work, why using OCDMA, advantages, what other techniques available other than OCDMA, compare them with OCDMA. Introduction OCDMA is a multiple access technique originating from DS-SS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) and it was originally used for military purposes to ensure that transmission of information I kept safe. It is currently used in wireless communication such as mobile devices. Overview Here we are going to look at the OCDMA technique, how it works, its origin or background, its advantages and compare it with other techniques. History It started in 1941 when George Antheil and Hedy Lamar patented Spectrum communication but it was not implemented then. CDMA was later considered in the late 70’s for cellular mobiles. During this period, CDMA technology was being used for military communications to ensure that there is security in information transmission. It is now a very important technology widely used in wireless communication as 3G/4G Technology. Explanation of the Technique OCDMA is a technique which employs high speed transmission, exchange of data using optical signal processing to realize an all optical communication and networking. Users access the network randomly. It uses a tell-to –go protocol and can support different bitrate traffic. It transmits encrypted information making it secure Comparison between FDMA, TDMA and OCDMA OCDMA is different and advantageous as compared to FDMA and TDMA in that it ensures there is proper use of communication media by giving asynchronous access to every user. In OCDMA technique new users are added to the network with ease because it does not require any scheduling. OCDMA has been known to experience problems as it suffers from different kinds of noise as a result of multiple access interference (MAI). Advantages of OCDMA Allows frequency reuse Provides Variable data rates Allows asynchronous multiple access Provides protection from interference Gives resistance to interception in that no unauthorized listeners can decode the original message Other Techniques OFDMA-This was developed for cable networks which had the problems of narrow band jamming. OFDMA is used for terrestrial video and radio broadcasting. OFDMA was originally designed for cable networks whereas OCDMA is used for wireless communication. WDMA-This is another technique which allows access of channels based on wave-length division multiplexing. It can allow numerous data signals to share a common communication channel. The OCDMA uses fewer devices than WDMA. References International Engineering Consortium. (2005). Annual review of wireless communications. Chicago, Ill: Professional Education International.

Sin and Virtue in the works of Freud and Dante Essay -- essays researc

Religion is arguably most influential when concerning politics, society, and individuality. This belief system provides most people with somewhat of a 'guideline' on how to live their lives on a daily basis, depending on which religion one follows. One of the major underlying aspects of religion, Catholicism or Christianity in particular, is to show guilt or sorrow to God for one's own sins and to ask for forgiveness on Earth so when Judgment Day comes the gates of heaven will open. A follower of Christianity is expected to follow the divine doctrine (e.g. The Ten Commandments) and any deviation requires repentance. If one does not ask for forgiveness for his sins, the common belief is that he will be sent to Hell upon death, spending an eternity in damnation. But how does this affect life on Earth? It seems that the individual harbors an internal battle between acting on instinctual desires and what is deemed right or wrong according to God. This self-war creates a sense of guilt. G uilt and sin are closely related to one another in terms of Sigmund Freud's analysis of religion in civilization and can be further compared to Dante's account of sin and the afterlife. In Civilization and Its Discontents, one of Freud?s main purposes is to point out the effect of the relationship between the human conscience and religion. Freud?s central view of religion is that it is an illusion created, and even needed, by man to attain a sense of security from ?an enormously exalted father? who watches over his life and promises a better afterlife (Freud 22). Individually, humans portray through behavior what their motivation in life is: to attain happiness. But religion only offers one road to happiness, and that road is through God. ?Its tech... ...ness, heightens the demands of his conscience, imposes abstinences on himself and punishes himself with penances? (Freud 87). The same can be said according to Dante, but instead of turning to the superego, one turns to God as Dante did while he was ?lost in the dark wood?. An individual looks for a way of escaping these disparaging emotions and searches for a path that will lead to ultimate happiness?usually through and with God. As the purpose of Dante?s Inferno was to understand sin in a way that will allow him to lead a more virtuous life, so was Freud?s theory that the more aware of your guilt the more able you are to recognize what it means to be virtuous. The more aware an individual is of his sin or guilt, the better his ability to repent and achieve virtuosity. This in turn makes peace with God and/or within him and it is here that one achieves redemption.

Effects of Medicinal Versus Recreational Marijuana Use :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Effects of Medicinal Versus Recreational Marijuana Use Is there a difference in the psychological/healing effects between the use of "recreational" marijuana and medicinal marijuana? Before researching this question, I could not understand what difference medicinal marijuana would have on cancer patients that was not already known through previous studies on the drug. I thought I fully understood marijuana's effects on the brain until the issues of medicinal marijuana arose. Prior to the research on the subject, I assumed that much of what is known now about the drug is due to the extensive research on its affects on Cancer and AIDS patients. If the use of marijuana is controlled for therapeutic purposes, are the effects different if used regular for non-medicinal purposes? This is the question I attempt to answer through extensive web research. In the past 5 years, there has been an increased debate about the use of medicinal marijuana in treating cancer and AIDS patients. Marijuana has been used in alternative medical treatment by doctors around the country and by patients themselves who seek relief from the pain caused by cancer and AIDS. Controlled use of marijuana has been used to treat a number of diseases: "AIDS. Marijuana can reduce the nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite caused by the ailment itself and by various AIDS medications. Glaucoma. Marijuana can reduce intraocular pressure, thereby alleviating the pain and slowing -- and sometimes stopping -- the progress of the condition. Cancer. Marijuana can stimulate the appetite and alleviate nausea and vomiting, which are common side effects of chemotherapy treatment. Multiple Sclerosis. Marijuana can limit the muscle pain and spasticity caused by the disease, as well as relieving tremor and unsteadiness of gait. Epilepsy. Marijuana can prevent epileptic seizures in some patients. Chronic Pain. Marijuana can alleviate the chronic, often debilitating pain caused by myriad disorders and injuries." (1) Institutions nationally have conducted studies on the use of medicinal marijuana on disease stricken patients. The Institute of Medicine published a journal on the use of marijuana and the effects it as a recreational drug and medicinal drug. Because the substance, when used medicinally, is monitored/controlled, the psychological effects on the patient is slightly different, and its effects also vary depending on the type of the disease the patient is suffering from. A complete report done by the National Academy of Sciences details the psychological effects of recreational and medicinal marijuana. In the 20th century, marijuana has been used more for its euphoric effects than as a medicine.

Qatar Petroleum Essay

Qatar Petroleum aims at maintaining high level of safety by trying to reach a zero level of people and environmental harm. The company uses Electronic Document Management System (EDMS) to maintain its daily operations. The methods helps them to save their documents in an organized format, retrieve them for future use share and use them. They also have a team which holds regular surveys of the whole petroleum plant especially of the pipelines. A record of all their daily activities is kept using the EDMS system as mentioned above. A report on the organizations activities can be obtained from their website as well as a book written by P. Tuson Records of Qatar: primary documents, 1820-1960; ed. P. Tuson. Archive edns, 1991. (8v) . Since any oil company poses numerous threats , benchmarks have been set to avoid them or reduce their occurance. Limitations have been set on their expansion, to share mproved ideas and information , maintain an unbreachable security checks and register them regularly. Workers undergo regular physical check-ups and their protective suits are also regularly scrutinized for emission penetration. There are also regular checks held by the government to ensure all the safety activities are being followed regularly. Qatar Petroleum is however not free from threats. Any oil company , Qatar being the biggest is susceptible to terrorist attack as the destruction caused will be massive , eading to a high death rate and heavy financial losses. Avoiding intrusion will be difficult as these companies are located by the sea and remote areas. The attack can be on refineries, distribution system, maritime transport , developmental and exploration sites. Oil companies pose their own threat too as any fault in the whole plant, being of the minutest nature, can lead to the same type of damage as would be caused by any terrorist attack.

ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM essays

ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM essays Enlightened despots believed that political change could best come from above; from the ruler. However, they were encouraged by the philosophers to make good laws to promote human happiness. How did these monarchs differ from earlier unenlightened monarchs of the past? The difference lay in tempo. These new despots acted abruptly and desired quicker results. They were impatient with all that stood in the way of their reforms. In addition, they justified their authority on the grounds of usefulness, not divine right. These new monarchs were rational and reformist and they regarded political change as possible and desirable. Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great, and Joseph II are good examples of Enlightened Despots. Frederick II (Frederick the Great), the most famous Prussian absolute monarch and a military genius, pursued an aggressive foreign policy. In 1740 he seized from Austria the province of Silesia. His action culminated in a major European conflict, the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), in which he was pitted against a powerful European coalition of Austria, Russia, and France. Frederick, aided only by England, barely managed to retain Silesia. In 1772 Frederick shared in the first partition of Poland by annexing western Poland. Frederick the Great was an almost perfect example of the enlightened despot. He was familiar with the ideas of the eighteenth-century reformers and a friend of Voltaire. Many of the philosophers, including Voltaire, felt progress could come faster if the government were directed by a reasonable, benevolent, enlightened despot, who would make his state's welfare his/her highest aim. Frederick the Great was just such a man. Frederick the Great was a dazzling military and administrative success. His passion for military victory and his concern for his subjects provide the (almost) perfect example of the Enlightened Despot. Catherine the Great was the German wife of Peter III. She corresponded acti...

How to Improve Email ROI With Matthew Montoya From Constant Contact

How to Improve Email ROI With Matthew Montoya From Constant Contact Email marketing is that trusted friend that’s been around forever and will never let you down. You can always turn to it when you need some help. Plus, it gives you a whopping average ROI of 3,800%. That’s $38 for every $1 invested. Today, we’re talking to Matthew Montoya, the partner enablement and training manager at Constant Contact. He has helped consult more than 13,000 businesses on email marketing best practices. Email has been around a long time, but Matthew describes current trends and what works today. People who give you their email address are expressing interest in your business Quantify the value of your email list by multiplying the size of your list by the price point of the average they sell to get a dollar figure Biggest change in email marketing over the last seven years is mobile readership; 51% of business/non-profit emails will be opened on a mobile device People used to spend 35-40 seconds reading an email; now it’s 5 seconds Emails need to be succinct, make an impression, and include a call to action Think of an email not as a message, but an advertisement where people see the information, act on it, and go to your website or elsewhere to learn more Every contact matters and can produce money for your company The more targeting and testing you do, the better your responses HTML vs. Plain Text: Depends on your audience, but concise HTML emails usually generate higher, better responses Preview email messages to see how they display on different devices Know your audience to know what content they will find valuable and relevant Constant Contact’s Marketing Pillars: Segmentation, personalization, automation People look first at who sent an email, rather than the subject line; email should come â€Å"from† the brand Test subject lines to avoid repetition and make sure they grab readers’ attention Explore all marketing options across platforms all work together to share a story Links: Constant Contact Constant Contact for Free Email Subject Line Tester Integrations Write and send a review to receive a care package If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Matthew Montoya: â€Å"Email marketinghas changed dramatically over the last seven years. What used to be a best practice has evolved.† â€Å"Email marketing may haveless sex appeal than social media and other kinds of marketing.† â€Å"The one app that most people don’t even think of as an app is email. And yet, that’s probably the most used app on your phone because that’s where we’re doing business.† â€Å"Think of an email not as a message. It’s not a form of communication. It’s an advertisement.† It’s really important for everybody, if there’s one huge takeaway today beyond just building a mobile-responsive and mobile-friendly email, it’s making sure your content within that email is relevant.

Free Essays on Glacial Erosion

Describe and explain the location and variety of features of glacial erosion? (20 marks) Glacial erosion has a massive impact on the landscape and can take thousands of metres off the landscape. There are a number of ways that the landscape can be eroded that form a number of varied features. These features are formed in different areas depending on the feature, as features can only be formed in certain areas. The first landform that I’m going to discuss is a corrie. These are an armchair-shaped basin with a steep back wall and a rock basin. They are formed by a number of processes, nivation is considered to be one of the main initiators of corries. This happens when snow accumulates in hollows and freeze-thaw action beneath the snow causes the underlying rocks to disintegrate, any debris is carried out by summer meltwater streams. The snow patch would grow and the layers would become compressed to form ice. After this plucking is responsible for the steepening of the back wall and rotational movement enables abrasion for the deepening of the corrie basin. Corries locate up the side of mountains and have a very clear dominant orientation. The majority of corries will face north (in the northern hemisphere) this is because this side of the mountain will receive the least insolation so glacial processes will be very active e.g. freeze-thaw weathering. Other factors also have an affec t on the location of corries as corries can still face south but they have to locate further up the mountain to form as it will not be cold enough for glacial processes to take place lower down the mountain side. Corries do not often face towards the sea either as, although still cold they get the warmer winds so were not as likely to have a corrie forming. Corries are also likely to from at higher altitudes as it will be colder. Another feature of glacial erosion is an arà ªte this is formed from a two adjacent corries back walls eroding towards e... Free Essays on Glacial Erosion Free Essays on Glacial Erosion Describe and explain the location and variety of features of glacial erosion? (20 marks) Glacial erosion has a massive impact on the landscape and can take thousands of metres off the landscape. There are a number of ways that the landscape can be eroded that form a number of varied features. These features are formed in different areas depending on the feature, as features can only be formed in certain areas. The first landform that I’m going to discuss is a corrie. These are an armchair-shaped basin with a steep back wall and a rock basin. They are formed by a number of processes, nivation is considered to be one of the main initiators of corries. This happens when snow accumulates in hollows and freeze-thaw action beneath the snow causes the underlying rocks to disintegrate, any debris is carried out by summer meltwater streams. The snow patch would grow and the layers would become compressed to form ice. After this plucking is responsible for the steepening of the back wall and rotational movement enables abrasion for the deepening of the corrie basin. Corries locate up the side of mountains and have a very clear dominant orientation. The majority of corries will face north (in the northern hemisphere) this is because this side of the mountain will receive the least insolation so glacial processes will be very active e.g. freeze-thaw weathering. Other factors also have an affec t on the location of corries as corries can still face south but they have to locate further up the mountain to form as it will not be cold enough for glacial processes to take place lower down the mountain side. Corries do not often face towards the sea either as, although still cold they get the warmer winds so were not as likely to have a corrie forming. Corries are also likely to from at higher altitudes as it will be colder. Another feature of glacial erosion is an arà ªte this is formed from a two adjacent corries back walls eroding towards e...

Behavior Intervention Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Behavior Intervention Plan - Essay Example The Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) is the largest international professional organization dedicated to improving the educational success of individuals with disabilities and/or gifts and talents. CEC advocates for appropriate governmental policies, sets professional standards, provides professional development, advocates for individuals with exceptionalities, and helps professionals obtain conditions and resources necessary for effective professional practice (CEC). Other than using communication techniques, educators should involved the students’ parents to help the barriers so that the child can learn effectively and comfortably. Knowing that they have their parents support, they learn with confidence from effective teaching due to the fact they feel like they have a comfort zone when family is around. When parents are involved, children feel that they have their acceptance to learn. It is apparent that some of the communication techniques can be used on children within educational intervention to break down some of the barriers. For example, prompting children for good behavior and using computers as a way to communicate with minority children can be extremely helpful until a proper way of communicating between the educator and student becomes establish, which they will feel comfortable with. Once a communication technique is established, it will become easier to understand one’s another way of thinking. Furthermore, educationa l intervention would be more accepting of diversity, which means no child will be left behind despite their differences. The PACER Center (Parent Advocacy Coalition for Educational Rights) is a statewide nonprofit parent center that for nearly twenty years has served parents of children with disabilities from birth through secondary school. Through Families and Schools Together (FAST) Forward, PACER is expanding its operations to include all parents. FAST Forward provides the following six

Marcus Buckingham Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marcus Buckingham - Essay Example In addition, he expresses that managers need to assign employees depending on the abilities and personalities. Therefore, managers need to identify the one practice that will ensure success in all management situations irrespective of the complexity of situation. The ability of leaders to inspire the employees and to guide in implementing management goals determines the success of their organizations. Buckingham uses the analogy of chess to explain the situation that managers face while working with a big lot of employees (3). In the Chess, all the pieces move differently unlike in Checkers where all pieces move in the same manner. The same way, employees within an organization have unique differences in terms of abilities, personalities, or qualities, which all influence their service delivery. Therefore, a manager’s role is to understand the key strengths of every employee and to utilize this strength for the benefit of their organization. In his example, Walgreen’s manager Michelle Miller employed Jeffrey, an employee who was not good in vague and generic tasks but effective in specific tasks. By tweaking her responsibilities, she realized this strength and became an important resource in handling specific tasks within the organization. In this light, a manager should be able to identify employee’s strength and support them in becoming better workers. Just like, a Chess player, the manager should be able to look ahead of the employees and see opportunities even before they emerge. Secondly, Buckingham (5) identifies the need for managers to identify the one strategy that works best in all situations of management. The author calls it as the â€Å"one thing† that ends up being the backbone of the management strategies. He identifies that the argument that exists within modern research supporting the idea that there is no any management practice that is best for all situations. Therefore, leading an organization requires

The Impact of the Internet and Product Development Essay

The Impact of the Internet and Product Development - Essay Example Though the internet started its development journey in the 1960s it is only in the 1990s that commercializing of the same Started. This period between the 1990s and today saw massive a leap in the number of internet users, with the same reaching 2.2 billion in 20101. Founded in or around 1976, Apple Inc.s formative years were also the internets formative years hence the close association of the two as Apple Inc., is a growing computer hardware company, produced hardware that was used hand in hand with the internet. Their growth therefore coincided. When internet marketing became a common phenomenon the company took the earliest opportunity to market itself through the internet. The company has kept pace with the latter growth in terms of the number of customers and profitability and will continue to do so as the two are closely connected. The two billion people who get to visit the internet are able to learn about apple through its may advert in its website and other popular sites in cluding search engines. The marketing of the company is therefore personalized. The adverts have gone a long way to create and model the personalities and legacies of persons connected with apple such as its late icon, Steve Jobs3.  Internet marketing is largely responsible for Apple business success today. The third largest mobile phone producer in the world, Apple has placed over a billion adverts on the internet for the time it has been in operation4. As a result, Apple is the most admired company in the united states today. The company aims to maintain its high customer base and it is convinced it can do so through solely marketing its products on the internet. The company also aims to disburse information on its products as fast as possible and the same can only be effectively achieved through the internet.  

Foundations of Tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Foundations of Tort - Essay Example There are also intentional torts where the person being accused harmed the other with the full knowledge of what harm they are causing, for instance defamation and finally there is strict liability tort which covers injuries people suffer from using products, for instance if a person is burnt with hot coffee from a company that did not provide this information, by writing, to the consumers (Butler 2000 162). Torts usually result in compensation of the accusers, rather than the accused facing a jail term or other punitive measures similar to those in criminal offences. Therefore torts are civil suits brought against other people. The plaintiff in a tort has to prove three things in order to be compensated. First, they have to prove that those standing accused have a moral and legal obligation to act in a particular way. Secondly, the plaintiff has to [prove that the accused did not fulfill their obligation. Finally, she or he has to prove that she or he suffered an actual loss because of the accused not fulfilling their duties. Only after these have been established does the plaintiff get punitive or compensatory damages. Torts usually arise from common law principles coupled with legal enactments. The tort rules on compensation in Australia, especially those arising from accidents have been seen as being outdated, therefore inefficient in the way in which they work. In addition, if the party being sued is a government or public entity, there are several possibilities that people could exploit loopholes to get huge and undeserving compensation for mistakes of their own doing. Parties such as local governments in cities and counties could be sued for negligence by their residents should the latter feel that they have suffered a loss, physical harm or otherwise because the local government did not play its part in some sector or service provision, hence the loss suffered. Australia does not have a general system of compensation for victims, except in some very spe cific cases, for instance in traffic accidents. Thus, there is no cap on the amount of money that should be paid out to victims, leading to huge losses in cases of other forms of ‘negligence’ by the authorities. However, due to the increase in law suits against authorities in Australia, there was a necessity to start reforming laws on lawsuits against authorities. This led to the Injury Prevention, Rehabilitation & Compensation Act 2001. However, the laws under this act are still taking a while to be implemented (Muirhead & Hocking 2001, p. 111). The primary focus of the Australian tort law reform focuses more on insurance premiums as opposed to the how deep taxpayers have to dig in their pockets to pay for the numerous lawsuits filed against the authorities. It is becoming a source of concern for many citizens as to the source of money used to compensate victims who think they have been wronged by the negligence of the authorities. A higher dependency on insurance prem iums rather than public coffers has seen insurance premiums skyrocket to unbelievable rates. This dependence has been brought about by the authorities using money in the public coffers as a last resort measure to compensate victims of the authorities’ negligence, leaving a bulk of the money going to compensate on the shoulders of insurers. Application of such overreliance on insurers in other sectors where the government was the underwriter, for instance in the provision of medical and health care, has led to the insolvency of some big insurance companies and the withdrawal of others, because of the unprofitability of such undertakings. The result is that, at the end of the day, it is the taxpayers of a country who end up

3600 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

3600 - Essay Example Therefore, the evolution of the word clearly indicates that this branch of anthropological study actually deals with procedure pertaining to qualitative research methodology, precisely in anthropological studies or in social sciences and implies to the gathering of empirical data pertaining to human culture and science. The ethnography therefore focuses on the myriad aspects pertaining to socio-cultural milieu of a particular tribe or people residing in some of the particular geographical terrains. The ethnography by Daniel Neuman is about the music in the northern part of India known as â€Å"Hindustani Music† in the local language by the canon of musicians related with it. Music is a primitive language for communication in human civilisation. Various socio-cultural and historical perspectives of the people residing in a particular geographical area evolve through music or folklore and folk culture of that area. Likewise, â€Å"Hindustani Music† bears the typical cultural essence of North India and is an incarnation of the rich heritage and culture of the area with its myriad blend and influences. The ethnography, â€Å"The Life of Music in North India† is a journey through the history witnessing the origin and the development of ‘Hindustani Music’ and the way it nurtured in the hands of the magician musicians through ages. The ethnography is very strong as it bears the testimony and experience of these musicians who dedicated their life and passed on their legacy to the future generations even for the cause of the particular music and its development. The research content of the ethnography is based primarily on the field work which can be treated as the primary research too. The first-hand survey done by Neuman during the year 1969 to 1971 in Delhi forms the base of the ethnography. Neuman interviewed musicians during this time and he made a trip to the northern part of India, precisely the cities those are situated

Foundations of Tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Foundations of Tort - Essay Example There are also intentional torts where the person being accused harmed the other with the full knowledge of what harm they are causing, for instance defamation and finally there is strict liability tort which covers injuries people suffer from using products, for instance if a person is burnt with hot coffee from a company that did not provide this information, by writing, to the consumers (Butler 2000 162). Torts usually result in compensation of the accusers, rather than the accused facing a jail term or other punitive measures similar to those in criminal offences. Therefore torts are civil suits brought against other people. The plaintiff in a tort has to prove three things in order to be compensated. First, they have to prove that those standing accused have a moral and legal obligation to act in a particular way. Secondly, the plaintiff has to [prove that the accused did not fulfill their obligation. Finally, she or he has to prove that she or he suffered an actual loss because of the accused not fulfilling their duties. Only after these have been established does the plaintiff get punitive or compensatory damages. Torts usually arise from common law principles coupled with legal enactments. The tort rules on compensation in Australia, especially those arising from accidents have been seen as being outdated, therefore inefficient in the way in which they work. In addition, if the party being sued is a government or public entity, there are several possibilities that people could exploit loopholes to get huge and undeserving compensation for mistakes of their own doing. Parties such as local governments in cities and counties could be sued for negligence by their residents should the latter feel that they have suffered a loss, physical harm or otherwise because the local government did not play its part in some sector or service provision, hence the loss suffered. Australia does not have a general system of compensation for victims, except in some very spe cific cases, for instance in traffic accidents. Thus, there is no cap on the amount of money that should be paid out to victims, leading to huge losses in cases of other forms of ‘negligence’ by the authorities. However, due to the increase in law suits against authorities in Australia, there was a necessity to start reforming laws on lawsuits against authorities. This led to the Injury Prevention, Rehabilitation & Compensation Act 2001. However, the laws under this act are still taking a while to be implemented (Muirhead & Hocking 2001, p. 111). The primary focus of the Australian tort law reform focuses more on insurance premiums as opposed to the how deep taxpayers have to dig in their pockets to pay for the numerous lawsuits filed against the authorities. It is becoming a source of concern for many citizens as to the source of money used to compensate victims who think they have been wronged by the negligence of the authorities. A higher dependency on insurance prem iums rather than public coffers has seen insurance premiums skyrocket to unbelievable rates. This dependence has been brought about by the authorities using money in the public coffers as a last resort measure to compensate victims of the authorities’ negligence, leaving a bulk of the money going to compensate on the shoulders of insurers. Application of such overreliance on insurers in other sectors where the government was the underwriter, for instance in the provision of medical and health care, has led to the insolvency of some big insurance companies and the withdrawal of others, because of the unprofitability of such undertakings. The result is that, at the end of the day, it is the taxpayers of a country who end up

ENDOSCOPES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ENDOSCOPES - Essay Example In operative endoscopes, an additional channel to allow entry of medical instruments to biopsy or to facilitate tissue and other operations (Wikipedia, 2006). The endoscope also provides visual examination of the interior of the body through a natural body opening such as the throat or rectum. Since the endoscope can be inserted through a very small opening, it is a less invasive method than other surgical techniques, causing less scarring and a quicker recovery time. A camera or video recorder is often used during an endoscopic procedure to provide permanent records of internal organs, which may be used for later reference (rosemont.com., N.D). Endoscopic surgery has been used for decades in a number of different procedures, including gallbladder removal, tubal ligation, and knee surgery. However, in recent years endoscopic instruments are also used for plastic surgery. As important research continues, endoscopy is being used on a limited basis for both cosmetic and reconstructive procedures (ASPS, 2006). There are two main uses of endoscopy - diagnostic and therapeutic. In case of a suspected tumour or other disorder in the stomach, bladder, lungs or other organs endoscopy can be used for examination. In addition to studying the organ, the physician is able to take a biopsy sample (a small piece of suspicious tissue) for testing. In earlier days biopsy required major surgery. Endoscopy is valuable in the removal of polyps (small growths), treatment of knee joint and other joint disorders, and inspection as well as treatment of the bronchi, colon, female reproductive organs and gastrointestinal tract (rosemont.com., N.D). All surgery carries risks and every incision leaves a scar. However, with endoscopic surgery, the scars are likely to be hidden, much smaller and some of the after effects of surgery may be minimized. As the incisions are shorter with endoscopy, the risk of sensory loss from nerve damage is decreased. Also, bleeding, bruising and

Elephant in the room Essay Example for Free

Elephant in the room Essay There are many aspects about rural schools that make them less fortunate than other types of schools. The actual environment of rural schools sometimes makes it hard for their students to succeed. Poverty is the 600 pound gorilla that is sitting on rural schools (Berliner, 2004). Rural schools are dependent on national and urban economics, and if the economy is not prospering, this also how rural schools fail. Because these schools are geographically and culturally isolated due to their locations, they usually lack the conditions that non-rural schools have. In addition, the location of these rural schools forces them to use more effort in order to network with people and to get the materials needed for teachers and students. Recently, farms in rural areas have been diminishing, and rural policy no longer has to be equated with farm policy. Furthermore, rural areas have previously depended on their schools as a focus of life, but this has changed and the future has become different. The school is now expected to prepare students for a different society than traditional rural environments, which creates an imbalance in ideals and traditions (Stern, 1994). We must view rural schools and communities as integrated social structures. Poverty is another problem that exists in rural schools, although it varies by region. We are in need of a federal policy to recognize the diversity of rural populations and give provisions for resources unavailable because of a lack of funding. There are three levels of funding provided by the government(local, state, and federal) that add to educational spending. If rural schools are to give the same services to their students as larger schools, the cost of program per person would be higher, but these schools do not receive extra money (DeYoung, 1991). Rural schools face poor conditions that their students are exposed to on a daily basis. For example, these schools lack the facilities, course materials, and programs that wealthier districts have. The problem with resources in rural schools is not availability of information, but the diversity of their settings. A critical factor as to why rural schools have such problems is the funding that they receive. Due to the small size of these schools, they tend to get less money from the government, but even when they get the same funding as non-rural districts, this is not enough due to the unique problems that rural schools are faced with. Because of the lack of funding, the condition of the schools is terrible. Usually rural schools have dilapidated buildings, which makes the learning environment unsafe and not motivating for the students. Since schools do not have sufficient funding, they are not able to tailor programs to the students needs, such as Advanced Placement and Honors classes as well as remedial and special education classes, which creates problems for these students. Furthermore, the materials that rural schools are provided with are out of date, and technological improvements such as computers and internet access are not available in most rural areas (Gibbs, 2000). Since the conditions of rural schools are not motivating to students they may experience.

Benefits of Population Control

Benefits of Population Control Population environment is the investigation of how populations -of plants, creatures, and different life forms -change about whether and space and connect with natures turf. Populations are assemblies of creatures of the same species living in the same region in the meantime. They are depicted by aspects that incorporate: population measure is the amount of people in the population, population thickness is what number of people are in a specific zone and population development is the extent of the population is changing about weather. Exponential development works by leveraging expands in population size, and does not oblige builds in population development rates.one of the most testing requisitions of population development examination is to anticipate human population development. The human population surpassed six billion individuals in 1999, and is normal achieving nine billion preceding 2050. It is to some degree astounding to understand that it took all of mankinds history for the human population to achieve one billion individuals — which happened around one thousand eight hundred — then a little over a hundred years to twofold to two million, and only 40 years to twofold from three to six billion. Natural assets are under expanding weight, undermining open health and improvement. Water deficiencies, soil fatigue, misfortune of timberlands, air and water contamination, and debasement of coastlines beset numerous regions. As the worlds population develops, enhancing housing measures without obliterating natures domain is a worldwide challenge. Most created economies right now devour assets much quicker than they can recover. Most creating nations with fast population development confront the pressing necessity to enhance living standards. Environmentalists and economists progressively concur that endeavors to ensure natures domain and to attain better living models could be nearly joined and are commonly fortifying. Moderating the expansion in population, particularly despite climbing for every capita interest for characteristic assets, can take weight off natures turf and purchase time to enhance living models on an economical nuts and bolts. As population and interest for regular assets keep on growwing, natural points of confinement will get to be progressively apparent. Water deficiencies are relied upon to influence almost three billion individuals in 2025, with sub-Saharan Africa most noticeably bad affected. Many nations could maintain a strategic distance from ecological emergencies assuming that they took steps now to preserve and oversee supplies and request better, while abating population development by giving families and people data and administrations required to settle on educated decisions about conception. Present rates of population development cannot proceed. Recently, bargain numerous governments capabilities to give training, social insurance, and nourishment security for individuals, considerably less their capacities to raise living guidelines. This hole between numbers and assets is all the all the more forcing on the grounds that such an extensive amount the population development is packed in low-wage nations, environmentally hindered districts, and poor family units. Notwithstanding, the population issue is not singularly about numbers. Whats more neediness and asset debasement can exist on meagerly populated terrains, for example, the dry lands and the tropical timberlands. Individuals are a definitive asset. Enhancements in training, health, and sustenance permit them to better utilize the assets they order, to extend them further. Moreover, dangers to the manageable utilization of assets come to the extent that favoritisms in individuals right to gain entrance to assets an d from the courses in which they utilize them as from the sheer amounts of individuals. Consequently, concern over the population issue additionally calls forward sympathy toward human advancement and human correspondence. Giving individuals the intends to pick the measure of their families is not only a strategy for keeping population in parity with assets; it is a method for guaranteeing particularly for ladies the fundamental human right of determination toward oneself. The degree to which offices for practicing such decisions are made accessible is itself a measure of a countrys improvement. In the same way. upgrading human potential advertises improvement as well as serves to guarantee the right of all to a full and stately life. Population development and advancement are connected in mind boggling ways. Financial improvement creates assets that could be utilized to enhance training and health. These changes, alongside co-partnered social progressions, diminish both richness and death rates. Then again, high rates of population development that consume into surpluses accessible for budgetary and social advancement can obstruct upgrades in instruction and health. Previously, the escalation of farming and the processing of higher yields helped countries adapt to the expanding population weights on accessible area. Movement and universal exchange nourishment and energizes moved the weight on neighborhood assets. They allowed and helped maintain the high population densities of some industrialized nations. The circumstances are distinctive in a large portion of the creating scene. There, enhancements in pharmaceutical and open health have prompted a sharp drop in death rates and have quickened population development rates to uncommon levels. Be that as it may, richness rates remain high; much human potential remains hidden, and financial advancement is stalled. Rural heightening can go somehow towards restoring a harmony between sustenance processing and population, however there are cutoff points past which strengthening cannot go. The precise plausibility of advancement could be bargained by high population development rates. In addition, most creating nations dont have the assets to sit tight for a couple of eras before population stabilizes. The alternative of relocation to new terrains is practically shut. Whats more low levels of monetary and social advancement joined with changing exchange processing connections limit potential outcomes of utilizing universal exchange to expand access to assets. Consequently, without planned measures, the irregularity between population development and asset improvement will decline. Population weight is now constraining universal agriculturists to work harder, regularly on contracting distinction on minimal area, simply to support family wage. In Africa and Asia, rustic population about multiplied with a comparing decrease in area accessibility. Quick population development additionally makes urban budgetary and social issues that debilitate to make urban communities wholly unmanageable. In this way, numerous governments must deal with a few fronts to utmost population development; to control the effect of such development on assets and, with expanding learning, augment their reach and enhance their profit; to acknowledge human potential so individuals can better spouse and utilization assets; and to furnish individuals with manifestations of government disability other than substantial amounts of youngsters. The method for fulfilling these objectives will differ from nation to nation, however all ought to remember that practical investment development and fair gain access to assets are two of the more certain courses towards easier ripeness rates. In conclusion, increased speculations will be required simply to administer the current deficient levels of access to instruction, health awareness, and different administrations. As a rule, the assets obliged are simply not accessible. Health, lodging conditions, and the nature of instruction and open administrations all break down; unemployment, urban float, and social agitation increment.

The Scarlet Letter: An In Depth View of an Opinionated Reader?s Opinion :: essays research papers

The scarlet letter began as one woman’s punishment and later spread to several people’s ruin. The scarlet letter set off a course of events one right after another that brought nothing but heartache, death, and suffering. The wearer of the scarlet letter, Hester Prynne, loved a man, Arthur Dimmesdale. The love between these two people resulted in a tale that will forever be considered a classic in American litatutre. The book is an in depth view of the consequences of secret loves and ultimate sins. The scarlet letter began as a lesson, but after its deeds were done served as a legend.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout my reading of The Scarlet Letter I have developed a few opinions. One of those opinions is that this entire ordeal could have been avoided with the use of common sense. If Hester and Dimmesdale had stopped and thought it out carefully there would not be a baby in the equation. If there was no child, than Hester and Dimmesdale could have loved each other in secret, and maybe then their plan to run away might have been successful. Now, Hester may have been successful in her lack of common sense, but she wore the letter â€Å"A† proudly, as is shown in the following quotation from the novel: â€Å"... The point which drew all eyes and, as it were, transfigured the wearer-so that both men and women, who had been familiarly aquainted with Hester Prynne, were now impressed as if they beheld her for the first time--was the Scarlet Letter, so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom. It had the effect of a spell, taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity and enclosing her in a sphere by herself (61).† I believe that although it caused her much pain and suffering it could also be a token of her love for Dimmesdale. She wears the letter as a consequence from loving Dimmesdale. She might have made the letter so lovely as to vibrate positive feelings from it, however, which may or may not have been a good thing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  See, if Hester had just accepted her sin and not boasted about as if the letter had no effect on her, or as if she hadn’t done anything wrong, she may have been more accepted by the people of the town. She might even have saved herself from unnecessary pain and suffering, whether or not she really believed the act she pulled for the town.

Feminist Perspective of Paulina in Shakespeares The Winters Tale Ess

A Feminist Perspective of Paulina in The Winter's Tale  Ã‚     Ã‚   Feminist criticism explores gender themes in literature, assesses the worth of female characters, promotes unknown women writers, and interprets the canon from a politically-charged perspective. Shakespeare has proven more difficult to categorize than other white male masters of the written word, precisely because of the humanity of his female characters. Critic Kathleen McLuskie urges feminists to "assert the power of resistance, subverting rather than co-opting the domination of the patriarchal Bard" (McLuskie 106). Yet many feminists find strength in Shakespeare. Irene Dash, for instance, proclaims that "Shakespeare's women characters testify to his genius .... they learn the meaning of self sovereignty for a woman in a patriarchal society" (Dash 1). Paulina of The Winter's Tale provides support for Dash's argument. With courage and passion, Paulina defends Hermione against chauvinistic paranoia and enshrines female virtue.    Perhaps the best testimony to Paulina's power is the historical reaction of male critics. In 1733, editor Lewis Theobald condemned Paulina as "too gross and blunt" for daring to call the King "downright a Fool" (Dash 135). In 1863, scholar Charles Cowden Clarke whined that Pauline was excessive: "... she does play the tattoo upon his skull with amazing vivacity  ­ and after he is down, too .... Paulina cannot forego the gratification of punching him in his maundering distress" (Clarke 356). In 1969, Fitzroy Pyle acknowledged Paulina's "goodness" but applied the label "militant" (Pyle 41).    With a similar sentiment but more blatantly hostile language, the fictional King Leontes abuses his adversary Paulina with sexist insults... ...ti. Webster's First New Intergalactic Wickedary of the English Language. Boston: Beacon Press, 1987    Dash, Irene. Wooing, Wedding, and Power: Women in Shakespeare's Plays. New York: Columbia University Press, 1981    McLuskie, Kathleen. "The Patriarchal Bard: Feminist Criticism and Shakespeare." Political Shakespeare: New Essays in Cultural Materialism. Jonathan Dollimore and Alan Sinfield, editors. London: Cornell Univ. Press, 1985    Neeley, Carol Thomas. "The Winter's Tale: Women and Issue" (1985).   Reprinted in the Signet Classic Edition of The Winter's Tale. New York: Penguin, 1988.    Pyle, Fitzroy. The Winter's Tale: A Commentary on the Structure. New York: Routledge & Paul, 1969.    Schweickart, Patrocinio. "Reading Ourselves." Speaking of Gender. Elaine Showalter, editor.   New York: Routledge, Chapman and Hall, 1989.   

Ancient Egypt’s Afrocentricity Essay

Thesis: Due to geographic, cultural, and historic evidence, Egypt is an Afrocentric so studying it should be considered Afrocentric. However, due to social constructs and the colonization of Africa, many wrongly do not consider studying Egypt as Afrocentric. Abstract: Egypt, like all other African countries has an extensive history rich with a unique culture and belief system. Unfortunately, Ancient Egyptian culture and history is buried under a synthesized backdrop for what is European history. Though the nation was influence by many cultures over the years, Egypt must still hold onto its true origins by rediscovering and challenging it’s own history in order to reinvent it as an Afrocentric nation that founded a unique Afrocentric cultural ideology that deals with the self determination of the Pan-African ideology in culture, philosophy, and history. Critical Review of Scholarship: In an article by Shahira Amin, an Egyptian journalist, that discussed how modern day Egyptians perceive themselves, their history, and their culture. Surprisingly, rather than consider their culture and selves as African, Egyptians consider themselves as â€Å"Arab Muslims.† Identity of self encompasses many factors, including religion, however, it is because the culture was buried under a backdrop for what is European history, and modern day Egyptians don’t view themselves as Africans. Amin’s article also emphasized Egyptians revisiting their true African roots. In Egypt, Africa and the Ancient World by Joseph Cervello Autuori and Is Studying Egypt in Its African Context ‘Afrocentric? by S.O.Y. Keita discusses the history of Egypt before and after the colonization era. Similar to all African countries that were colonized by Europeans, Egypt was influenced by the cultures of the people who occupied it, however, initially, Egypt has an Afrocentric culture like the one that of it’s African counterparts. In addition, online articles, Egypt’s Place in Modern Africa by Saidis Aswan Egy and Afrocenity by Dr. Molefi Kete Asante helped to ground the ideas of Afrocentism into modern Egypt and how they should  draw power from their ancient roots and strengthen their identity. Discussion: A person’s identity can be based on many factors such as race, culture, and class. A group of persons make up a community and groups of communities make a nation. Egypt is a country in Africa; however most people forget their true roots, or choose to let geography and European history define it. Based on geography specifically, Egypt is in Africa so studying it should be considered Afrocentric. However, due to social constructs and the colonization of Africa, many wrongly do not consider studying Egypt as an Afrocentric nation. Africa is a continent composed of many diverse and powerful countries. Afrocentric means to study something in its African context and origin. Its purpose is to shift peoples’ thinking from what they have been taught previously that was based on a Eurocentric point of view. â€Å"Afrocentricity becomes a revolutionary idea because it studies ideas, concepts, events, personalities, and political and economic processes from a standpoint of black people as subjects and not as objects, basing all knowledge on the authentic interrogation of location.† When Africa was torn apart during the Berlin Conference, Egypt was valued for its technology and architecture. Later when this same architecture was being studied and was trying to be reproduced, it was found to be very complex and made of intricate patterns the Europeans had not even thought of. However, they could not believe anyone that was not a European could be smart. So instead of the European being inferior to an Africa n, people were led to believe that Egyptians were not Africans. The problem of Egyptians not being recognized as Africans also arose when the Arabs colonized Africa whilst spreading Islam. Many nations tried to control Egypt and shape it in a way that made them feel better about themselves. This, unfortunately left – and still leaves Egypt – the people of Egypt to shun their African ethnicity instead of being relating to it. Despite Egyptians being brainwashed into believing they are not a part of Africa, it can be seen that they are as integrated as the other 53 countries that share its continent. This can be seen through Egypt’s language and  archeology. Language is important because, though it is diverse throughout the world, if its origins can be traced, it can determine how a nation began. In the case of Egypt, â€Å"Egyptian is a member of the Afro-Asiatic family which originated in Africa and was not imported from Asia or Europe†. When the complete history of Egypt is looked at, it can be seen that it is, in fact Afro-centric despite the influences from other countries. In relation to archaeology, it suggests that early Egyptian culture rose directly through indigenous Africans. Archaeologists have also found that crops from the other side of the Nile River were integrated into the lifestyle of early Egyptians. In short, despite how much Egyptians refuse to accept Afrocentism as de scribing them; there are clear details that can prove Egypt’s core is African, not European or Mediterranean influence. Geography and race also play a big part in Egypt recognizing itself as African. In contrast to â€Å"traditional contextualization of Egypt in the ‘Mediterranean’ or ‘Near Eastern’† geographically, Egypt is in Africa. So naturally, the people in the nation share physical characteristics with those around them, as well with Africans as a whole (though they might be minute). Ancient Egypt emerged on the banks of the Nile River, which flows from the core of Africa. Three African countries on its east, south, and west border Egypt while it is separated from Asia by the Mediterranean Sea. It is simply ignorant to disregard the physical barriers that separate Egypt from Asia and Europe, and to disregard the borders that keep it within Africa. When studying Egypt people should not forget to include Africa and how Egypt being in Africa has also influenced and advanced the nation to what it is today, therefore, studying Egypt’s history should be considered Afrocentric. Work Cited SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass.† SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2002. Web. 2 Sept. 2014. Talmadge Anderson, James Stewart, Introduction to African American Studies: Transdisciplinary Approaches and Implications. (Black Classic Press, 2007), 29. Frederick Douglass, Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave: Written by Himself. (Boston: The Anti-Slavery Office, 1845), 37. â€Å"Dr. Nathan Hare,† Black Think Tank, last modified Feb 5, 2014. Asante, Molefi K. â€Å"Afrocentricity.† Latest Books. Afrocentricity, 13 Apr. 2009. Web. 02 Oct. 2014.

Hawaiian Punch Short-Cycle Essay

How will two distinct manufacturing, sales, and distribution networks to stock and sever an identical beverage for the same customers fare? 3. Determining the roles each will play in sales, profitability, and equity of the Hawaiian punch brand. 4. Will Cadbury Schweppes restructure for growth take focus away from maintain market leadership? 5. Can they achieve sales need to capture an attractive profit margin? 6. What are the potential competitor reactions? Why now? The 2005 business marketing plan is one of the key factors to ensure successful growth with the newly consolidated corporations. We are currently towards the end of 2004. By when must the key person make this decision? (Include your reason for this time frame)To allow sufficient time for the plan to be properly implemented, Hoedebeck should have it complete by September 1st, 2004. Stakes: what does the organization stand to gain or lose if it makes a good or bad decision? Potential benefits of a good decisionPotential costs of a bad decision Increased profitsDecreased profits Maintained market leadershipFailed product line Diversified promotion strategyLoss of focus from core competencies Expanded product lineBankruptcy Larger target marketLost jobs Happy retailers and foodservice customersFailed marketing strategy Competitive sustainability Over/under estimation of product or brand line More convenient for distribution and retailersWrong information in her analysis Questions you should ask yourself as you complete the Long Cycle: 1. Who are Hawaiian Punch’s competitors? 2. What stage of the product life style is their fruit punch beverage in? 3. What pricing/promotion strategy should they use for their product? 4. How will the consolidation impact growth? 5. What is their brand positioning? 6. What is their product line and pricing?

Managing cultural diversity in the workplace environment of singapore Essay

Managing cultural diversity in the workplace environment of singapore - Essay Example During the process, a critical view of the policies and practices and their impact on other aspects of organisational performance would be placed to assess the effectiveness of the policies and practices. Moreover, possible recommendations to tackle these challenges would be suggested based on organisational practices. While the effects of globalization have been so profound that all organisations have to adapt to the changes, diversity is one of the strategies adopted for sustainability and performance. This reflects in their policies and practices with respect to human resources management. Though the western countries adopted this route much earlier, it is relatively newer concept in most of the Eastern nations (Mor-Barack, 2005). This does not mean that the Eastern nations did not employ people from different cultures and ethnic groups; but just that the organisations have started adopting policies and practices to encourage and, to an extent, suit multicultural and diverse populations during last few decades. The most important requirement for managing diversity comes from equal rights act and policies congruent with this act, which create favourable social, legal and organisational environment to all groups of people. Secondly, organisational policies and practices that encourage and support diversified workforce. Globalization has provided extraordinary benefits to organisations, which has enticed many organisations to enter the global market. This has further increased the numbers of people from different backgrounds, cultures, races and ethnic groups to work together at different locations. On the other hand, organisations in some sectors are known to have moved to other places in order to flourish because the legislation there was more conducive to their strategies; for example, Singapore has relaxed legislation

Study case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Study case - Essay Example The ultimate objective of this training is to enhance employee happiness. When this is done, employee-employee, employee-employer, and employee-customer relations are highly likely to be enhanced. Subsequently, organizational performance is set to receive a positive impact from the training process. Organizations do not primarily depend on happiness coaches to solve the underlying real work problems. In this respect, happiness training is better termed as a complementary factor in addressing real work problems as opposed to being a diversion in that process. This can be determined by the manner in which an organization employs happiness training. In other words, happiness training should not excuse failure to solve real work problems. A happiness coach is suitable for a subordinate if the subordinate’s negative life and work aspects are observed to negatively affect the subordinate’s overall life and work performance. The supervisor is in a better position to assess and evaluate his/her subordinate’s performance relative to happiness or unhappiness. The ethicality of this matter depends on the approach taken to get the subordinate into the coaching

Geography - Economic Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Geography - Economic Growth - Essay Example According to them, there are two types of the developing world -- one who has globalized their trade and the one who has not. The globalized group of countries has increased their foreign investment and trade well above the rates of rich countries and opposite is the case with non-globalized group of countries (121) Authors believe that globalization has not caused any higher inequality within economies though they also agree that inequality has gone up in China but it has nothing to do with any free trade and investment flows. They attribute it to education, social policies and taxation. What they want to emphasize is that higher economic growth rates translate higher incomes for the poor. For example, in China inequality has increased but at the same time poverty reduction has taken place and that is entirely because of foreign trade and investment. Authors suggest that growing protectionist movement in rich countries does not augur well if full potential of economic integration an d its benefits are to be realized; however, at the same time, developing countries need to change their policies and build up institutions so that they can prosper under globalization (121). Authors argue that further integration is being opposed in the rich countries and their protectionist measures are directed toward agriculture and labor-intensive products (131). Authors argue that human productivity has increased manifold. The world economy, which was crawling at the rate of 1 percent during mid-nineteenth century accelerated to 3.5 percent during1960-2000 because of economic integration among several countries. Authors put forward the argument that worldwide income inequality was on rise until 1970 but thereafter it started reducing. The income inequality in 1970 was at its highest level at 88.1% that subsequently reduced to 77.7 percent in year 1995. According to authors, after 1980 the number of poor has reduced by 200 million. This has been possible due to accelerated growt h rate of China and India (125). Authors advocate migration from poor countries to reduce the poverty and currently that is highly restricted by rich countries because of the fear of high unemployment rate in those countries. Authors strongly argue that the fate of poor also hangs on the rich countries' migration policy decisions (133). Growth with Equity is Good for the Poor Oxfam (2000) argues that 'growth with equity' is a solution to poverty eradication and not growth proposed by Dollar and Kraay. According to Oxfam, growth alone cannot help in reducing poverty. Oxfam advocates poverty-focused growth that reaches to the lowest 20% of the population to bring them up in line with others. They consider Dollar and Kraay's growth model as anti-poor and anti-growth (2). The important thing, according to Oxfam, is how income is distributed among poor. The larger share of income growth should go to poor if poverty is to be reduced. Comparing different regions on economic growth, Oxfam a sserts that East Asia is the only region, which can achieve its goal of poverty eradication by 2015. Due to poverty-focused growth in East Asia, it has raised 22 million people out of poverty, which other region such as Latin America has not been able to do so. At least 3 million people in Latin America would have been out of poverty had it initiated a focused growth (4). Oxfam argues that growth alone is not sufficient to reduce poverty. Oxfam emphasizes that the income distribution is

Post-Racial Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Post-Racial Society - Essay Example The essay "Post-racial society" discusses the lack of employment for Black American that has become a problem from quite some time especially in labor where racial discrimination is still deep rooted. According to labor department report, the unemployment of blacks increased 10 16.7% the highest since 1984(Censky, 2011). What steps are taken in the past to prevent this issue? Are they really sought about? The question still hangs in the air without answered. The highest rate of incarceration of a black man estimated by U.S Bureau of justice in 2011 was 82,595 which make it 37.9%of all the prisoners. The stats have high rocketed and are even more than the enslaved black man in the year 1850 before the civil war (www.bop.gov/news/quick.jsp). The false image media portrayed played a vital role in depicting the wrong image of Blacks. They are shown as thugs, players, muggers in streets, involved in drugs and having sex with anyone they happen to know. Is this the way we want our future generation to perceive African American around them? In the US today, 13% of the population represent black and over 1 million of the population suffer from HIV in which half of the victims are black. The estimation black sufferers for life are; out of 16 black male 1 is infected with HIV and out of 30 females, 1 is infected. Currently 60% women diagnosed with HIV are black( www.avert.org/hiv-african-americans.htm ).

PersuasiveControvserial paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PersuasiveControvserial paper - Essay Example Thesis Abortion is not an immoral act but the only possible way for many women to avoid undesired pregnancy and protect their future. Within the pro-choice movement, arguments come from the field of legal philosophy, specifically natural law, claiming that the right-to-life is a fundamental human right which should be protected by law. Again, from the legal perspective, pro-choice encompasses those advocating a right of every woman to control her life. This lobby advocates for female's right to choose abortion. Moderates believes that abortion should be a last resort and justified in case the pregnant woman cannot raise the child or give it up for adoption, or "if the pregnancy risks pose a danger for the life and health of the woman" (Hull et al 98). It also has to do with partisan affiliation: many Democrats are radical pro-choice, while the Republicans are mostly pro-choice moderates. The problem is that it is impossible to accept the law and develop a single ethical rule suitable for all the cases. Every specific case should be discussed separately in accordance with the circumstances and patients' health cond itions. Most Americans suppose that it is unethical to use people as a mean but its more unethical to deprive other babies of a chance to survive because of speculative ethical arguments created by a group of people. The vivid example of ethical dimensions of abortion is Roe v. Wade which became a landmark event in the history of abortion in America. The woman claimed that she had become pregnant by rape and therefore was seeking an abortion. Norma and her defendant though that abortion ban violated the right of women under the First, Fourth, Fifth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. Norma McCorvey had already given birth by the time the case was brought before the Court in December 1971. (Hull et al 93). Claiming that abortion is immoral and comparing it to killing, pro-life advocates forget about such problems poverty and hunger, lack of money and cloths. It is easy to state that 'fetus is a human'. It is possible to say that most of these people do not know hardship and poverty speaking about the God and high moral values. For many women, abortion becomes the only possible way to protect their families from poverty and hardship. For instance, some African-American and Latino families have 7 or more children, and one more children will be a real burden for them. So, banning abortions without any exceptions is a cruel and unjustifiable practice Abortion is also very bad for the morality of society as a whole. Abortion is an easy way out, so it encourages promiscuity and unprotected sex. The very notion of abortion is immoral because it ruins the whole concept of responsible parenthood. The society has the duty to protect the life of its citizens. "The right to life has been the found ation of the civilized society" (Wetstein 54). Still, there is no consensus among the scholars, politicians and members of general public as to what attitude to abortion is justified. Nor is there a consensus in the world community, since the practice of different states in this sphere varies a lot. "Whilst abortion has been accepted by the American state since the land-mark Roe vs. Wade case in the early 1970s, this is by no means a reflection of universal agreement - either international or within

Deconstruction of Trailer †Fight Club Essay Example for Free

Deconstruction of Trailer – Fight Club Essay At the start of the trailer for Fight Club it starts with the logo stating â€Å"Regency† and next the trailer introduces the character named Tyler quoting â€Å"I want you to hit me as hard as I can, how much can you know about yourself if you’ve never been in a fight† this showing that Tyler Durden played by Brad Pitt is one of the main characters in the film as he is shown first and with the quote showing that it’s a hard hitting film and that it gives you a rough idea of what’s going to happen. Next would be the mise-en-scene the film starts off with the two main characters standing outside having a conversation. The whole trailer has quite a low saturation of colour so connotes that it a Rolla coaster of a film that includes elements such as dark humour, fights, mental illnesses such as Insomnia, Schizophrenia and multiple personality disorder and inappropriate scenes and also the second main character which would be The Narrator who doesn’t have his name mentioned played by Edward Norton. In the film, sound plays a big role weather it being the narrator talking or the smashing of glass, shouting, songs it gives the film effect for example let’s start with the narrator and how he speaks it gives a sense of knowing and what the narrator says goes for example with the quote â€Å"This is your life and it’s ending one minute at a time† showing how he see’s things, how things are and that it isn’t all fantasy. Next would be the conversations, arguments and occasional smashing of glass this shows that by all of this being in the trailer it would make people watch from the beginning till the end as audience would want to know more of what they are about to watch. Lastly in the end of the trailer the song by â€Å"The Pixies; Where’s my Mind† this song is fitting to the whole story as the film shows all different mental disorders and how life is. First off I’m going to start off with the editing, with fight club It’s a good example of angels and shots a few I picked out from the film would be Shot Reverse Shot, Cross Cutting, Establishing Shot, Reaction Shot and also a POV Shot. In the first few seconds of the trailer it examples an Establishing shot where the two main characters are talking it’s a wide angled shot where it shows everything on what happening with the characters.

Health Promotion Intervention Plan: Hepatitis B

Health Promotion Intervention Plan: Hepatitis B Introduction The principal cause of illness and death all over the world are due to the infectious diseases. There is a continuous rise in the challenge of improving the efforts to encounter the health threats caused by the microbes. The challenge to prevent and control the disease is due to the ability of the microbes to evolve and adapt to the changing environment, populations, technologies, and practices. The impact of infectious diseases in developing countries reduced survival rates in children, and diminished economic growth and development. There were concerns in health and economic areas of developed countries due to the infectious diseases. The endemic, resurgent, and new diseases result in enormous suffering and death. They also cause huge financial losses in the country. To protect the country from infectious diseases, it is necessary to develop and implement comprehensive health policies that are evidence-based, and the health of the vulnerable populations should be taken care. The co untry has to develop collaboration with the global partners to control further outbreaks inside the country and spread of the disease across the borders (CDC framework for preventing infectious diseases, 2011). Among the evidence-based resources for the health promotion issue, ‘immunization and infectious diseases, and global health’, an outline of 2011 morbidity and mortality weekly report is discussed here. The report focuses on the risk of Hepatitis B infection in people with diabetes mellitus. The report also talks about mortality rate, control measures of the infection, the efficiency of the vaccine, and the method of administering the vaccine (Evidence-based resource summary, 2011). A chronic or acute infection of the liver by hepatitis B virus (HBV) leads to mortality. Since 1996, 29 outbreaks of HBV infection occurred in more than one long-term medical care facilities of United States. The long-term medical care (LTC) facilities included nursing homes and assisted living areas. The above information was reported to the Center for disease control and prevention (CDC). Among 29, 25 were associated with adults suffering from diabetes (MMWR, 2011). Infection and its Control The group of people with diabetes at higher risk for Hepatitis B infection was reported to consist of 865 cases in the year 2009-2010. This number was estimated from eight infection programs and it occupies 17 percent of the US population. The risk analysis was evaluated for those above 23 years of age. The guidelines for infection control mainly conveyed safe blood glucose monitoring and these were available since 1990. The guidelines for HBV control targeting the LTC atmosphere were published in 2005 (MMWR, 2005). Evaluation of the HBV vaccine intervention Two recombinant Hepatitis B vaccines were generated from a single antigen. They were Recombivax HB and Engerix-B. A combination of hepatitis A and B vaccine called Twinrix was made available in the United States. Vaccine for hepatitis B virus is available in US since 1982. Evaluation is associated with checking the efficiency of the intervention program. Evaluation can be done in formative and summative methods. Formative evaluation is conducted during the development and implementation of the intervention program while summative is done when the program is established and giving its results. The former method helps in improving the intervention and the latter helps in identifying the extent of the outcome achieved by the intervention (CDC’s healthy communities program, nd). Hepatitis B Vaccine Intervention Formative evaluation Intramuscular administration of three doses of this vaccine is done at 0, 1 and 6 months. The adults getting seroprotection from hepatitis B surface antigen, after receiving three doses gradually decrease with age, smoking, immunosuppression, obesity, comorbid conditions like diabetes (MMWR, 2011). The antibody responses for the diabetics were found to be reduced than the non-diabetics. The research studies have revealed that greater than 90 percent of adults ( Summative evaluation – Hepatitis B vaccine (dosage >1) administered to 70 million people in United States between 1982 and 2004 had common side effects of pain at the injection site and mild increase in the body temperature. In some of the placebo-controlled studies, people receiving the vaccine were not frequently getting the side effects than people taking a placebo. This vaccine is contraindicated for people with the history of hypersensitivity to yeast and other vaccine components. It is not contraindicated in those suffering from autoimmune diseases, multiple sclerosis, pregnant or lactating women and other chronic diseases. Additional dosages of the vaccine are not given to those who had serious side effects like anaphylaxis after taking the first series of doses. A rapid protective immunity against significant infection is provided by the booster dose of HepB vaccine which is administered after the primary vaccination series. The number of people with vaccine-induced se roprotection increased when revaccination of greater than one dose of HepB vaccine was administered for the nonresponses (MMWR, 2006). Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccine can be given to any individual of any age. But, recently these vaccines are not considered as efficient and cost effective for older adults. According to the approvals of the committee on immunization practices, HepB vaccine should be administered to unvaccinated adults having diabetes mellitus, aged between 19 and 59 years. However, evidence has shown that increased risk of acute HBV infection in diabetic adults aged more than 60 years was not so strong than in young people with diabetes (Evidence-based resource summary, 2011). References Building our understanding: Key concepts of evaluation, what is it and how do you do it? Creating a culture of healthy living. CDC’s healthy communities program. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dch/programs/healthycommunitiesprogram/tools/pdf/eval_planning.pdf CDC. (2006). A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) part II: immunization of adults. MMWR, 55(No. RR-16). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6210a1.htm CDC. (2005). Transmission of Hepatitis B virus among persons undergoing blood glucose monitoring in long-term facilities – Mississippi, North Carolina, and Los Angeles county, California, 2003-2004. MMWR, 54, 220-3. Leuridan, E., Van Damme, P. (2011). Hepatitis B and the need for a booster dose. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 53, 68–75. Mark H. Sawyer et.al, (December, 2011). Use of Hepatitis B Vaccination for Adults with Diabetes Mellitus: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 60(50), 1709-1711. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6050a4.htm Thomas, R. F., Rima, F. K., deputy director for infectious diseases, Center for disease control and prevention; Kevin M. De Cock, F.R.C.P Director, Center for global health. (October 2011). A CDC Framework for preventing infectious diseases. Sustaining the essentials and Innovating for the future. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/oid/docs/ID-Framework.pdf Use of Hepatitis B Vaccination for adults with diabetes mellitus: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP). (2011). Evidence-based resource summary. HealthyPeople.gov. Retrieved from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/tools-resources/evidence-based-resource/use-of-hepatitis-b-vaccination-for-adults-with-diabetes

Research REport On HUman Beings :: essays research papers

In my report you will find that I researched and wrote about the species known as homosapiens. Also better known as human beings. I learned a lot of information about their life styles, their behaviors, their nocturnal urge to love and their hunger for knowledge. I also learned where they fit into the grand scheme of things. I learned why they are classified how they are and how they obtain food. Humans are classified in the Kingdom of Animalia because all animalia share the common bond that they are required to eat. They cannot make there own food and they can move on there own free will through their movements. Humans are in the Phylum of Chordata because all of the Chordates have elongated symmetrical bodies and all begin life with gills to breathe in a liquid environment. Vertebrata is the subphylum where humans are put because they develop a spinal chord that stretches from the head to a paired of sense organs. Vertebrata is the most advanced and numerous subphylum of the chordates. The Class of Humans is Mammalia because they all conceive there young in the reproductive tract of their mother and then after birth their mothers nourish them with milk from their birth. Humans are in the infraclass Eutheria because the mothers of this class carry there young in their uterus before birth and this is made possible because of the umbilical cord and the placenta. The order of H umans is Primates because all of the organisms in the order of Primates share the common bond that they are all upright, breathing, non-self food producing mammals. Humans are in the suborder of Anthropoida. The Superfamily of Hominoidae. The Family of Homiadidae. The Genus of Homo and the species of Sapiens. The Habitat of Human Beings is pretty much every where. They can live on almost all terrains and they can even live in the ocean and in outer space. However the range that they live in is on the land surfaces of Earth in any kind of conditions because you have Eskimos that live in the extremely cold conditions of the arctic regions, the Californians that live in a varying set of conditions that vary from 60 degrees and raining or foggy to sunny and 100 degrees. Then there are the people of most African desert nations that battle temperatures of over 100 degrees almost every day of the year.

The Development of Civilization Essay -- History Antropology Sociology

The Development of Civilization Our civilizations are merely a wrinkle in time. Billions of years ago, during the Paleolithic Culture people had only knowledge for basic survival. The Stone Age was a time for hunting and gathering, building tools, and making fire. As the human race evolved, so did the culture. This is when the Neolithic Culture was born. People started taking control. Farms sprang up and sedentary villages began to take form. Amazingly, not too far from these progressing cultures grew civilizations. When one wants to look at the true heart of a civilization, they must first understand the civilization’s beliefs, moral standards, social interaction, attitudes, values and social consciousness. Without a sincere background about these topics, one cannot truly develop a full understanding of the period. History calls upon humankind to breakdown civilizations, and find the roots of past civilizations. Many factual ideas have been abstracted from numerous sources through out time. In studying Ancient Greek civilization, the reader sees immense concentration of social consciousness for its peoples’ needs. Greek civilization absorbed many different attitudes from the Athenians, Spartans, and Macedonians. Another highly moral civilization was the Medieval times. The English had intolerant views on Religion; an aspect of a society which had much importance to the world at this time. Because of these beliefs, all religions had to experience frustrations that occasionally lead toward conflict. The Chinese were greatly influenced by the earth’s ways, rather than global issues and demonstrated this through their religion, Buddhism. The Han dynasty incorporated a Confucius government system into their legal system, and po... ...uman civilization. It is known that respect for elders, and the wise was necessary. It was also important to know what one’s role was in society, whether it be childbirth, or growing rice. Civilization is a fascinating topic, because they are able to show where humanity progressed, or regressed. In viewing many civilizations through out the course of five months, it is clearer to see where exactly ideas originated. The belief system that humans have developed is like one giant melting pot. There are ideas, attitudes, social awareness, and values all boiled down into one big mass. Much like a science experiment, sometimes things do not belong together, and some do. These are all learning opportunities, and most likely humankind will eventually learn the perfect mix. Until then, it is assumed that we will continue to make mistakes, while advancing at the same time.

Communication in Health & Social Care Essay

1. Understand why effective communication is important in the work setting 1.1 – Identify the different reasons people communicate To express needs; to share ideas and information; to reassure; to express feelings; to build relationships; socialise; to ask questions; to share experiences People communicate in order to establish and maintain relationships with others, to give and receive information and instructions, to understand and be understood, to share opinions, knowledge, feelings, emotions, to give encouragement and show others they are valued. see more:people from different backgrounds Communication is an essential tool a carer can use to meet the needs of those they are caring for. It is a basic requirement of my job role to communicate with individuals and their families, other members of staff on a daily basis. Communicating with other staff members ensures effective team working and continuity of care. It also ensures any health and safety issues are recognised and reported. All carers attend hand over at the beginning of each shift and also complete communication books after attending an individual, thereby keeping other staff informed and aware of current situations within the workplace. Individuals communicate with carers to express their needs and preferences and to ensure they are met. As a carer I would discuss the options and choices available to the individual to allow them an informed choice regards their care. 1.2 – Explain how communication affects relationships in the work setting Effective communication is more than just talking, and is essential for the well-being of the individuals you care for. It includes body language, gestures, facial expressions, positioning and appearance. It is important to be aware of non-verbal communication when interacting with individuals at work. Communication is a fundamental relationship-building skill in the workplace. If people don’t communicate well they limit their ability to connect on any meaningful level and, at the extreme, can create conflict. Positive communication skills like listening, open questions, calm tone of voice. These help bring people together because they are behaviours that lead to creating relationships. Workplace relationships also become a lot stronger when people can clearly and effectively communicate what they need and allow others to do the same. 2. Be able to meet the communication and language needs, wishes and preferences of individuals 2.2 – Describe the factors to consider when promoting effective communication It is impossible to do without communication in health and social care, we have many reasons to communicate and it is essential communication is done effectively without misunderstanding others or being misunderstood. We communicate with: Patients, residents, clients, Health care professionals, Managers and supervisors, Family and friends. Factors to consider: – that most communication is non-verbal, that information must be factual and concise and not be littered with personal opinions (and documented in the same manner). Documented care should be dated, timed and signed. This last point is particularly important when maintaining medication records). There are many other factors to consider when promoting effective communication such as: – environment – is the location correct, it is noisy, do you need privacy, is the communication able to flow freely whilst doing a task or is a formal place required. – proximity – the better you know a person the closer you will be and sharing information is easier – closeness can encourage effective communication. Do you need to reposition yourself or say chairs around you to ensure you make effective use of the space around you so it is not a barrier to communication. – body positioning/body language – do you need to lean towards the person to encourage communication and show them you are interested but going too close can be invading someone’s â€Å"space†. Standing directly in front of someone may be interpreted as being too direct. Body language needs to be considered – arms crossed can be perceived as defensive and not open to communication. Standing over a person may also seem intimidating – do you need to kneel down onto someone’s level. – touch – A light touch on a person’s arm or hand can communicate caring and understanding, but sometimes touch can feel intrusive, even threatening. Touch is a safeguarding issue and you must never impose yourself physically on a vulnerable adult. You also need to consider the method of communication and what is the best way for effective communication such as – written (emails, texts, letters, reports etc), verbal (face to face or over telephone). You will also need to consider cultural differences when promoting effective communication. Acknowledging and responding to the cultural aspects of a person’s identity and care needs are strategies that are likely to enhance communication. Avoid general assumptions that beliefs about issues such as diet, personal care practices, sleeping arrangements and ‘health’ are shared by all service users. Another factor is language differences – Language is a central feature of any communication process. There is often an assumption in care settings that the language of the dominant culture should be used, which in most cases is English. Where care professionals are involved, this may also include use of technical health or social care jargon. Avoid using jargon where possible as it can confuse service users who are unfamiliar with the specialist terms. Physical difficulties influence the way individuals are able to communicate. This is another factor to consider. You need to be sensitive to the specific needs of individuals so communication is facilitated from the start. For example, if a person has difficulty enunciating (speaking clearly) following a stroke, allow enough time for a conversation to take place, check frequently that you are receiving their message correctly and reassure the person that they don’t need to rush. You also need to fact in those people with hearing difficulties or those who are visually impaired. You need to consider whether the person’s hearing aid is in and working, speaking clearly and concisely, ensure you speak directly to the person’s face or in front of them. Use facial expressions to aid understanding. With visually impaired ensure you introduce that you are there before launching into a conversation, use light touches on the body to let someone know you are there and make sure clearly end a conversation and let the person know if you are leaving. 3. Be able to overcome barriers to communication 3.1 – Explain how people from different background may use and/or interpret communication methods in different ways Diversity is something to be celebrated however everyone being different can cause issues with communication. We are all different and interpret information in different ways so we need to ensure we consider peoples differences when communicating. Cultural differences can mean people interpret communication differently. What is acceptable in one culture may not be in another e.g. a handshake between a man and woman may not be allowed, addressing the opposite sex may not be allowed, personal care of the opposite sex may not be allowed. People may also not be competent in communicating effectively – they may not have had a formal education or have special educational needs therefore it is important to consider how that individual can interpret information and in turn communicate themselves. In simple terms a person’s personality also affects how they communicate and respond to communication. A quiet introverted person may not be heard about a loud extrovert person. Also that person may not be able to digest information in a room that is full of loud, noisy people. Similarly a person who likes noise and a room full of chatter may not prefer a quiet environment and could â€Å"switch off†.